{"appState":{"pageLoadApiCallsStatus":true},"categoryState":{"relatedCategories":{"headers":{"timestamp":"2022-04-08T12:31:09+00:00"},"categoryId":33809,"data":{"title":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","slug":"home-auto-hobbies","image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/home-auto-hobbies-category.jpg","width":643,"height":1286},"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809}],"parentCategory":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"childCategories":[{"categoryId":33810,"title":"Antiques & Collectibles","slug":"antiques-collectibles","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33810"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33813,"title":"Automotive","slug":"automotive","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33813"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33825,"title":"Crafts","slug":"crafts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33825"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33839,"title":"Food & Drink","slug":"food-drink","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33839"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33884,"title":"Games","slug":"games","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33884"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33916,"title":"Garden & Green Living","slug":"garden-green-living","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33916"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33933,"title":"Hobby Farming","slug":"hobby-farming","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33933"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33939,"title":"Home Improvement & Appliances","slug":"home-improvement-appliances","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33939"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33962,"title":"Home Ownership & Renting","slug":"home-ownership-renting","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33962"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33963,"title":"Magic","slug":"magic","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33963"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33964,"title":"Pets","slug":"pets","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33964"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":33992,"title":"Photography","slug":"photography","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33992"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":34001,"title":"Sports & Recreation","slug":"sports-recreation","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34001"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-2.fabfbd5c.png","width":0,"height":0}},{"categoryId":34037,"title":"Travel","slug":"travel","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34037"},"image":{"src":"/img/background-image-1.daf74cf0.png","width":0,"height":0}}],"description":"What do you need to learn to make everyday life easier and more fun? Maybe it’s meal planning. Or playing bartender at parties. Want to learn to change the oil in your car? Train your cocker spaniel or use your fancy new camera? We’ve got the 411.","relatedArticles":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles?category=33809&offset=0&size=5"}},"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"}},"relatedCategoriesLoadedStatus":"success"},"listState":{"list":{"count":10,"total":7011,"items":[{"headers":{"creationTime":"2022-04-01T20:15:43+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-07T19:06:47+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-08T00:01:08+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Sports & Recreation","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34001"},"slug":"sports-recreation","categoryId":34001},{"name":"Auto Racing","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34002"},"slug":"auto-racing","categoryId":34002}],"title":"Get Up to Speed on Formula One Racing","strippedTitle":"get up to speed on formula one racing","slug":"get-up-to-speed-on-formula-one-racing","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"It draws tens of millions of fans each race — but what exactly is Formula One? Explore the rules, cars, tracks, and where to watch this sport.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ever since its inaugural season in 1950, Formula One — also known as F1 — has captured the attention of fast car fans across the globe. And for good reason: the prestigious series of races, held internationally on both custom circuit courses and closed public roads, features the fastest open-wheel, single-seat race cars in the world.</span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">It’s an engaging sport that draws tens of millions of eyeballs each race — but those new to Formula One may feel as if they need a GPS to navigate it. To celebrate the recent start of the 2022 racing season, here’s a crash course on F1: what it is, how it works, and what you need to know to earn your racing stripes.</span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_291914\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-291914 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/abed-ismail-pBUMdQ3Q_C8-unsplash-1.jpg\" alt=\"Orange Formula One racing car with a blurred background\" width=\"630\" height=\"354\" /> Time lapse photo from the 2019 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix. <br />© Abed Ismail / Unsplash.com[/caption]\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >What is Formula One?</h2>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">“Formula” refers to a set of rules that must be followed by participants and their cars.</span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Prior to Formula One, there were no formal limitations on the power or size of racing cars, leading to unfair (and sometimes fatal) outcomes for the competing drivers. The introduction of F1 rules — sanctioned by the governing body of racing events, </span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) — created a more level playing field, placing limits on the size, weight, and power of race cars.</span>\r\n<p class=\"child-para Tip\">Formula Two rules were created shortly after Formula One rules to apply to cars with a smaller engine capacity. You can think of it as Formula One’s younger sibling.</p>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Even with these regulations (or</span><span data-contrast=\"none\">,</span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> perhaps</span><span data-contrast=\"none\">,</span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> because of them), <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/home-auto-hobbies/sports-recreation/auto-racing/discovering-what-makes-formula-one-formula-one-200463/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Formula One</a> stands as the epitome of motor racing throughout the world. It’s the most difficult type of racing to master, and the most expensive. It’s also the most international — occurring in more than 20 different countries — and the most dangerous, with speeds regularly reaching or topping 200 mph. In every aspect, Formula One reigns supreme. </span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Another distinction of Formula One racing in the world of sports is its focus. Football and basketball tend to fixate on a superstar player or team (think Tom Brady or the 1995 Chicago Bulls), but there isn’t much innovation happening with the balls, courts, or fields. While Formula One has more than its fair share of celebrity, much attention also lies on the cars and tracks themselves. Teams are constantly improving their technology to shave tenths of seconds off their space-age vehicles' times, and each track has its own eccentricities to keep the race interesting.</span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Not your average racing car</h2>\r\n<span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\">Many people think of </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\">a </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\">racing car</span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\">simply as a more</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\"> aerodynamic</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\"> type</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\"> of sedan you’d see on the road. </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentStart BCX0 SCXW245876821\">But Formula One cars have more in common with a fighter jet than a Ford Taurus. Drivers are often dubbed \"pilots,\" and their</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\"> masterful vehicles are sometimes referred to as </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentStart BCX0 SCXW245876821\">“rockets on wheels.”</span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentStart BCX0 SCXW245876821\">They’re agile, they contain a central cockpit, and they even boast front and rear wings. </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\">The wings help push the car down onto the track, and they’re painstakingly </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\">tested in high-pressure wind tunnels. </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\">These cars are also incredibly lightweight</span></span><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\"> due to their use of high-tech materials like carbon fiber. Check out these features on the F1 car below.</span></span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_291912\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-291912 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/carl-jorgensen-Bx-dKrVq-oM-unsplash.jpg\" alt=\"Blue Formula One racing car on the track\" width=\"630\" height=\"403\" /> Note the exterior wheels and wings present on this F1 racing car. <br />© Carl Jorgensen / Unsplash.com[/caption]\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Unique racing tracks and venues</h2>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">In addition to having cars that are in a league of their own, each F1 racing track boasts a completely unique design. Rather than being cookie cutter copies, every track has a different top speed, corners, and layouts. </span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">While some venues have been on the schedule for decades (like Silverstone and Monza), new ones pop up all the time. In 2022, </span><a href=\"https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-las-vegas-to-host-formula-1-night-race-from-2023.69O9nKLwKraqAhR5rr8TQg.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Formula One announced</span></a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> that the U.S. will host a night race in 2023 where cars will speed past casinos down the famous Las Vegas Strip. This track will run 3.8 miles and drivers can expect to hit speeds up to 212 mph.</span>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >Off to the races</h2>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Each Formula One Grand Prix (its fancy name for a race) takes place over three days. These days are usually scheduled over the weekend — Friday to Sunday. Typically, on Friday and Saturday, the venue hosts practice and qualifying runs, while the main race occurs on Sunday. </span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">There isn’t a set amount of laps the cars must complete in F1 races. Instead, the race is finished once the first car has driven 305 kilometers (roughly 189.5 miles) and completes its next full lap. Also, races can’t last for more than two hours, so if drivers reach this time limit, officials will end the race after the next full lap.</span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n<p class=\"child-para Tip\">The only Formula One Grand Prix that is shorter than 305 km occurs in Monaco. This race is 260.5 kilometers (roughly 162 miles) and 78 laps.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"tab5\" >In the pits</h2>\r\n<span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW162663405\">Another unique feature of </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW162663405\">F1</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW162663405\"> racing is the pit stops. </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW162663405\">These high-pressure intervals last anywhere from 1.5 to 3 seconds, and when teams are fighting for every last tenth of a second, this means that races can be won or lost \"in the pits.\"</span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Drivers used to make pit stops to refuel, since engines could only hold so much gas, and carrying extra made their cars more sluggish. However, due to recent engine developments, refueling during pit stops has been banned and drivers must start with all the fuel they need for the race.</span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nowadays, pit stops are mostly about fixes and changing tires. New tires are usually much faster, thus</span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> giving a speed advantage to drivers. But that advantage must be weighed against the risk of stopping to change them. Without a good pit crew on their side, drivers (and the race) may be lost. This team of about 20 people is vital to their success.</span>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab6\" >Becoming a Formula One fanatic</h2>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">In its early days, if you weren’t able to see a Formula One Grand Prix in person, you weren’t able to see it at all. But now, hundreds of channels broadcast these races, including Formula One’s own channel, </span><a href=\"https://www.formula1.com/en/subscribe-to-f1-tv.html?dclid=CjgKEAjwuYWSBhCiqcCzmoLWlyQSJAAPKXGTXQG2wQlzntMHHrTLvlozYFfmKr8fr04xK6wxSHaM3PD_BwE#en-US\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">F1 TV</span></a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Other options for viewing races include <a href=\"https://www.espn.com/racing/schedule/_/series/f1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ESPN</a>, </span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><a href=\"https://www.sling.com/#services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sling TV</a>,</span> <a href=\"https://www.hulu.com/live-tv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Hulu + Live TV</span></a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, and </span><a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/c/SkySportsF1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SkySports</span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> F1</span></a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> on YouTube.</span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">To get into the rivalries, scandals, and personalities of Formula One drivers, managers, and team owners, you may want to check out </span><a href=\"https://www.netflix.com/title/80204890\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Drive to Survive</span></a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, a docuseries on Netflix. </span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">If podcasts are more your style, Formula One has you covered! Tom Clarkson and Natalie Pinkham discuss every twist and turn on </span><a href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/f1-nation/id1510367515\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">F1 Nation</span></a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, and Clarkson hosts in-depth interviews with the biggest Formula One personalities in his </span><a href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/f1-beyond-the-grid/id1405972616%5d.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">F1: Beyond the Grid</span></a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> podcast. </span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">And finally, if you're lucky enough to be going to an actual F1 race in person, here’s a pro tip: pack some ear plugs! Experts have </span><a href=\"https://www.livescience.com/41684-formula-1-racing-noisy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">measured noise levels</span></a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> at around 140 decibels, which is just below a volume that causes permanent hearing loss.</span>","description":"<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ever since its inaugural season in 1950, Formula One — also known as F1 — has captured the attention of fast car fans across the globe. And for good reason: the prestigious series of races, held internationally on both custom circuit courses and closed public roads, features the fastest open-wheel, single-seat race cars in the world.</span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">It’s an engaging sport that draws tens of millions of eyeballs each race — but those new to Formula One may feel as if they need a GPS to navigate it. To celebrate the recent start of the 2022 racing season, here’s a crash course on F1: what it is, how it works, and what you need to know to earn your racing stripes.</span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_291914\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-291914 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/abed-ismail-pBUMdQ3Q_C8-unsplash-1.jpg\" alt=\"Orange Formula One racing car with a blurred background\" width=\"630\" height=\"354\" /> Time lapse photo from the 2019 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix. <br />© Abed Ismail / Unsplash.com[/caption]\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" >What is Formula One?</h2>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">“Formula” refers to a set of rules that must be followed by participants and their cars.</span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Prior to Formula One, there were no formal limitations on the power or size of racing cars, leading to unfair (and sometimes fatal) outcomes for the competing drivers. The introduction of F1 rules — sanctioned by the governing body of racing events, </span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) — created a more level playing field, placing limits on the size, weight, and power of race cars.</span>\r\n<p class=\"child-para Tip\">Formula Two rules were created shortly after Formula One rules to apply to cars with a smaller engine capacity. You can think of it as Formula One’s younger sibling.</p>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Even with these regulations (or</span><span data-contrast=\"none\">,</span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> perhaps</span><span data-contrast=\"none\">,</span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> because of them), <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/home-auto-hobbies/sports-recreation/auto-racing/discovering-what-makes-formula-one-formula-one-200463/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Formula One</a> stands as the epitome of motor racing throughout the world. It’s the most difficult type of racing to master, and the most expensive. It’s also the most international — occurring in more than 20 different countries — and the most dangerous, with speeds regularly reaching or topping 200 mph. In every aspect, Formula One reigns supreme. </span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Another distinction of Formula One racing in the world of sports is its focus. Football and basketball tend to fixate on a superstar player or team (think Tom Brady or the 1995 Chicago Bulls), but there isn’t much innovation happening with the balls, courts, or fields. While Formula One has more than its fair share of celebrity, much attention also lies on the cars and tracks themselves. Teams are constantly improving their technology to shave tenths of seconds off their space-age vehicles' times, and each track has its own eccentricities to keep the race interesting.</span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" >Not your average racing car</h2>\r\n<span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\">Many people think of </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\">a </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\">racing car</span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\">simply as a more</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\"> aerodynamic</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\"> type</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\"> of sedan you’d see on the road. </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentStart BCX0 SCXW245876821\">But Formula One cars have more in common with a fighter jet than a Ford Taurus. Drivers are often dubbed \"pilots,\" and their</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\"> masterful vehicles are sometimes referred to as </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentStart BCX0 SCXW245876821\">“rockets on wheels.”</span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentStart BCX0 SCXW245876821\">They’re agile, they contain a central cockpit, and they even boast front and rear wings. </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\">The wings help push the car down onto the track, and they’re painstakingly </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\">tested in high-pressure wind tunnels. </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\">These cars are also incredibly lightweight</span></span><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW245876821\"> due to their use of high-tech materials like carbon fiber. Check out these features on the F1 car below.</span></span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_291912\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-291912 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/carl-jorgensen-Bx-dKrVq-oM-unsplash.jpg\" alt=\"Blue Formula One racing car on the track\" width=\"630\" height=\"403\" /> Note the exterior wheels and wings present on this F1 racing car. <br />© Carl Jorgensen / Unsplash.com[/caption]\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" >Unique racing tracks and venues</h2>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">In addition to having cars that are in a league of their own, each F1 racing track boasts a completely unique design. Rather than being cookie cutter copies, every track has a different top speed, corners, and layouts. </span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">While some venues have been on the schedule for decades (like Silverstone and Monza), new ones pop up all the time. In 2022, </span><a href=\"https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-las-vegas-to-host-formula-1-night-race-from-2023.69O9nKLwKraqAhR5rr8TQg.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Formula One announced</span></a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> that the U.S. will host a night race in 2023 where cars will speed past casinos down the famous Las Vegas Strip. This track will run 3.8 miles and drivers can expect to hit speeds up to 212 mph.</span>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab4\" >Off to the races</h2>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Each Formula One Grand Prix (its fancy name for a race) takes place over three days. These days are usually scheduled over the weekend — Friday to Sunday. Typically, on Friday and Saturday, the venue hosts practice and qualifying runs, while the main race occurs on Sunday. </span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">There isn’t a set amount of laps the cars must complete in F1 races. Instead, the race is finished once the first car has driven 305 kilometers (roughly 189.5 miles) and completes its next full lap. Also, races can’t last for more than two hours, so if drivers reach this time limit, officials will end the race after the next full lap.</span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n<p class=\"child-para Tip\">The only Formula One Grand Prix that is shorter than 305 km occurs in Monaco. This race is 260.5 kilometers (roughly 162 miles) and 78 laps.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"tab5\" >In the pits</h2>\r\n<span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW162663405\">Another unique feature of </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW162663405\">F1</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW162663405\"> racing is the pit stops. </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW162663405\">These high-pressure intervals last anywhere from 1.5 to 3 seconds, and when teams are fighting for every last tenth of a second, this means that races can be won or lost \"in the pits.\"</span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Drivers used to make pit stops to refuel, since engines could only hold so much gas, and carrying extra made their cars more sluggish. However, due to recent engine developments, refueling during pit stops has been banned and drivers must start with all the fuel they need for the race.</span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nowadays, pit stops are mostly about fixes and changing tires. New tires are usually much faster, thus</span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> giving a speed advantage to drivers. But that advantage must be weighed against the risk of stopping to change them. Without a good pit crew on their side, drivers (and the race) may be lost. This team of about 20 people is vital to their success.</span>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab6\" >Becoming a Formula One fanatic</h2>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">In its early days, if you weren’t able to see a Formula One Grand Prix in person, you weren’t able to see it at all. But now, hundreds of channels broadcast these races, including Formula One’s own channel, </span><a href=\"https://www.formula1.com/en/subscribe-to-f1-tv.html?dclid=CjgKEAjwuYWSBhCiqcCzmoLWlyQSJAAPKXGTXQG2wQlzntMHHrTLvlozYFfmKr8fr04xK6wxSHaM3PD_BwE#en-US\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">F1 TV</span></a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Other options for viewing races include <a href=\"https://www.espn.com/racing/schedule/_/series/f1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ESPN</a>, </span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><a href=\"https://www.sling.com/#services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sling TV</a>,</span> <a href=\"https://www.hulu.com/live-tv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Hulu + Live TV</span></a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, and </span><a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/c/SkySportsF1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SkySports</span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> F1</span></a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> on YouTube.</span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">To get into the rivalries, scandals, and personalities of Formula One drivers, managers, and team owners, you may want to check out </span><a href=\"https://www.netflix.com/title/80204890\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Drive to Survive</span></a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, a docuseries on Netflix. </span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">If podcasts are more your style, Formula One has you covered! Tom Clarkson and Natalie Pinkham discuss every twist and turn on </span><a href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/f1-nation/id1510367515\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">F1 Nation</span></a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, and Clarkson hosts in-depth interviews with the biggest Formula One personalities in his </span><a href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/f1-beyond-the-grid/id1405972616%5d.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">F1: Beyond the Grid</span></a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> podcast. </span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":240}\"> </span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">And finally, if you're lucky enough to be going to an actual F1 race in person, here’s a pro tip: pack some ear plugs! Experts have </span><a href=\"https://www.livescience.com/41684-formula-1-racing-noisy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">measured noise levels</span></a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> at around 140 decibels, which is just below a volume that causes permanent hearing loss.</span>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":34757,"name":"Christy Jones","slug":"christy-jones","description":"Christy Jones is a writer, editor, and content manager for Dummies.com based in Minneapolis, MN.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/34757"}},{"authorId":34739,"name":"Stephanie Georgopulos","slug":"stephanie-georgopulos","description":"Stephanie Georgopulos is a writer, editor, and consultant based in Los Angeles, CA.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/34739"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":34002,"title":"Auto Racing","slug":"auto-racing","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34002"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[{"label":"What is Formula One?","target":"#tab1"},{"label":"Not your average racing car","target":"#tab2"},{"label":"Unique racing tracks and venues","target":"#tab3"},{"label":"Off to the races","target":"#tab4"},{"label":"In the pits","target":"#tab5"},{"label":"Becoming a Formula One fanatic","target":"#tab6"}],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":208303,"title":"NASCAR For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"nascar-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","auto-racing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208303"}},{"articleId":201586,"title":"Formula One Racing: What Happens during an F1 Pit Stop","slug":"formula-one-racing-what-happens-during-an-f1-pit-stop","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","auto-racing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201586"}},{"articleId":200975,"title":"Meeting the NASCAR Team","slug":"meeting-the-nascar-team","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","auto-racing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200975"}},{"articleId":200756,"title":"A Week in the Life of a Formula One Driver","slug":"a-week-in-the-life-of-a-formula-one-driver","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","auto-racing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200756"}},{"articleId":200463,"title":"Discovering What Makes Formula One, Formula One","slug":"discovering-what-makes-formula-one-formula-one","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","auto-racing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200463"}}]},"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"isbn10":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;sports-recreation&quot;,&quot;auto-racing&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624f7b44dc499\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;sports-recreation&quot;,&quot;auto-racing&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624f7b44dcdb0\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-01T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":291911},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:55:16+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-07T16:37:49+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-07T18:01:04+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Photography","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33992"},"slug":"photography","categoryId":33992},{"name":"Shooting","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33999"},"slug":"shooting","categoryId":33999}],"title":"Digital Photography Lighting For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"digital photography lighting for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"digital-photography-lighting-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Learn some of the basics of digital photography lighting, including different meters, flash, setting exposure, and dealing with shadows.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Lighting is a very important aspect of digital photography. As a photographer, it’s your job to use that light in the best possible way. The lighting process starts with being able to measure the light and determine the best settings to correctly expose for the available light, using a flash to add some light to a scene when needed, and using light to illuminate or hide areas in your images.","description":"Lighting is a very important aspect of digital photography. As a photographer, it’s your job to use that light in the best possible way. The lighting process starts with being able to measure the light and determine the best settings to correctly expose for the available light, using a flash to add some light to a scene when needed, and using light to illuminate or hide areas in your images.","blurb":"","authors":[],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33999,"title":"Shooting","slug":"shooting","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33999"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":226156,"title":"Taking Advantage of Exposure Guides on Your dSLR","slug":"taking-advantage-exposure-guides-dslr","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","photography","shooting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/226156"}},{"articleId":226150,"title":"Setting the Shutter-Release Mode on Your dSLR","slug":"setting-shutter-release-mode-dslr","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","photography","shooting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/226150"}},{"articleId":225923,"title":"Understanding the Role of Lens Focal Length in Digital Photography","slug":"understanding-role-lens-focal-length-digital-photography","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","photography","shooting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/225923"}},{"articleId":209779,"title":"Digital Photography: How to Compose Nature Scenes and Animals in the Wild","slug":"digital-photography-how-to-compose-nature-scenes-and-animals-in-the-wild","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","photography","shooting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209779"}},{"articleId":208857,"title":"Digital Photography Exposure For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"digital-photography-exposure-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","photography","shooting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208857"}}]},"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"isbn10":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;photography&quot;,&quot;shooting&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624f26e068c21\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;photography&quot;,&quot;shooting&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624f26e06917c\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":190803,"title":"Measuring Light with Photographic Light Meters","slug":"measuring-light-with-photographic-light-meters","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/190803"}},{"articleId":190801,"title":"Using Fill Flash to Lessen Shadows in Photos","slug":"using-fill-flash-to-lessen-shadows-in-photos","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/190801"}},{"articleId":190799,"title":"Quick Lighting Fixes for Common Portrait Photography Problems","slug":"quick-lighting-fixes-for-common-portrait-photography-problems","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/190799"}},{"articleId":190798,"title":"Shaping Light with Photographic Tools","slug":"shaping-light-with-photographic-tools","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/190798"}}],"content":[{"title":"Measuring light with meters","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Photography is all about light. How you measure that light for your digital photos, using various light meters, brings different results to the digital images you capture.</p>\n<p class=\"Remember\">The first step in figuring out what settings to use to take a photo is to measure the light. An accurate light measurement makes choosing exposure settings on your digital camera much easier.</p>\n<p>Two methods used to measure light are employed by the following types of light meters:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Incident meters</strong> measure the amount of light falling on a subject and work best when held in front of the subject and aimed at the light source.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Reflected meters</strong> measure the light that is being reflected off a subject and work best when you aim them at the subject. The built-in meter in your camera is a reflected meter. Reflective meters believe that the light they’re reading is an average 18 percent gray and can be more easily fooled by scenes with a lot of light or dark areas.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Here are your options for photographic light meters:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Handheld light meters</strong> come in both incident and reflected varieties with some making both available on the same meter.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>A built-in light meter</strong> comes built into your camera and works the same way as the handheld reflective light meter — by measuring the brightness of the light in your scene. Most built-in light meters have three modes:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Matrix metering</strong> breaks the whole scene into pieces and then takes the meter readings from those segments to build up a more accurate reading of the overall scene. Matrix metering works very well in most scenes and is the mode you’re likely to use most of the time.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Center-weighted metering</strong> places more value on the light in the middle of your scene than the light on the edges but still measures the light from the entire scene. This metering mode was originally used mainly for portrait photography, where the subject fills most of the frame and the background isn’t as important. It’s a good choice in any case where your main subject fills most of the frame and is close to 18-percent gray.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Spot metering</strong> limits the light reading to a tiny area in the frame and ignores everything around it. Spot metering is very useful when you have a critical area in your image that you want to make sure gets the right exposure and is close to 18-percent gray.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Using fill flash to lessen shadows","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Using fill flash adds a touch of light to any scene that you want to photograph and helps to get rid of unwanted shadows, like those that fall across the eyes of a person wearing a hat on a sunny day.</p>\n<p>Fill flash comes in handy when you’re photographing any scene that includes a lot of light but little of that light falls on your subject. Use fill flash whenever your scene includes too much light in the background or the direction of the light causes shadows to fall across your subject.</p>\n<p>Use your digital camera’s built-in flash or an external flash to add just a little light to fill in the scene by following these steps:</p>\n<ol class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Turn on the built-in flash or put a flash on the hot shoe of your camera.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Reduce the power of the flash so you don’t overpower the existing light.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Take a test shot.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">If you need to, adjust the power of the flash until the light from the flash just fills in the shadows and doesn’t overpower the existing light.</p>\n</li>\n</ol>\n<p class=\"Tip\">Adding a diffuser dome to your external flash softens the light and makes the fill flash look more natural.</p>\n<p>For instructions on how to reduce the power on your built-in or external flash, see the camera and flash manuals.</p>\n"},{"title":"Quick lighting fixes for common portrait photography problems","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>When using your digital camera to create portraits, chances are not all the subjects you photograph will be supermodels. You may need lighting to draw viewers’ eyes away from trouble spots or to your subject’s best features.</p>\n<p>Here are some quick lighting tips to make the best out of any challenges that portrait photography may throw your way:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>All about the eyes:</b> When shooting a portrait, always make sure that the eyes are in focus and well lit. Dull, out-of-focus eyes can ruin an otherwise great photograph, whether you’re photographing people or animals. If the eyes look dull, add a little fill flash to the image to get the light in the eyes or use a reflector to bounce a little light into the face and eyes.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Glasses:</b> Eyeglasses reflect light, causing a lot of problems in portraits. If the glasses can’t be removed, do a quick fix by moving the arms of the glasses higher up on the temples so the lenses angle downward slightly. The new angle of the glasses will reflect the light at a different angle and should fix the problem. If the glasses can’t be moved, try changing the angle of the light that is striking the glass; a small change in the light’s angle may help fix the problem.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>A little thin on top:</b> Lights can cause unwanted reflections on the heads of people who are bald or losing their hair. Make sure that you don’t aim lights directly at the bald area, and use a soft box or other diffuser close to the subject to make the light as soft as possible.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>An extra chin or two:</b> To reduce that pesky double chin, have your subject tilt his head up slightly and photograph down at him from a slightly higher angle, making sure the main light is up high. This technique creates a bigger shadow under the chin and hides that problem area.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Some quick weight reduction:</b> A low-key style, one with a darker tone overall, has more shadows that you can use to hide problem areas. By adjusting the light’s angle, you can use the shadows to hide and reveal different parts of the body, resulting in some instant weight loss.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Out-of-proportion hands:</b> When a subject’s hands are placed forward in the portrait, they can look bigger than they should because they end up closer to the camera. You can minimize the effect by turning the hands so that the sides face the camera. Light illuminates the edge of the hands instead of the front or back.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Shaping light with photographic tools","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Several photography tools can solve the too-much or too-little light problem by modifying the light you have available or the light you add with flashes and strobes. You use tools like reflectors and diffusers to change the quality of light in your digital photographs.</p>\n<p>Here’s a rundown of the tools photographers commonly use to modify light:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Reflectors</b> can be any surface that you use to bounce light back into your scene. A reflector can be a wall or a ceiling, or it can be a specially made tool for photographers, which usually comes in the form of a circle covered in a reflective material. Some are collapsible and can fold up to a fraction of their size. These reflectors come in a variety of colors:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Gold</b> reflectors change the color of the light to a warmer glow. The light ends up looking more like the light from sunrise or sunset, so it can cause color problems in the studio. Gold reflectors work best outdoors under natural light.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Silver</b> reflectors tend to reflect the greatest amount of light back at the subject and don’t change the color of the light.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>White</b> doesn’t reflect as much light as silver or gold, but the light it does reflect is even and soft. It works really well for close-in work, both on location and in the studio.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Mixed</b> reflectors have surfaces striped with silver and white or gold and white. These reflect less light than their solid counterparts. They’re useful when you need a medium amount of light, with just a touch of silver or gold in the light.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Diffusers</b> reduce the intensity of light. You put them between the light and your subject, and they make the light softer. Specialized diffusers for shooting in the studio, called soft boxes, go over the light and produce a soft box of light. Another type of diffuser is called a shoot-through umbrella because it looks like an umbrella that you’d use to keep the rain off but is made from semi-opaque material.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Gobo</b> is the term for something (anything) that goes between the light and the subject and modifies the light. Following are some common gobos:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-two\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Snoots</b> are tubes that are used to aim lights. Snoots restrict all the light except for that in the exact direction the flash or strobe is pointed. The more constricted the tube, the smaller the resulting light. The longer the tube or snoot, the more defined the shape of the light.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Barn doors</b> are hinged flaps that you position on the sides of the light to control the spread of the light. They can be adjusted to control how the light spreads out.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Grids</b> go in front of the light and control the spread of the light in much the same way as a snoot. The size of the grid is responsible for the spread of the light — the smaller the holes in the grid, the tighter the light.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-07T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":208835},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:58:29+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-07T16:15:34+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-07T18:01:03+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Garden & Green Living","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33916"},"slug":"garden-green-living","categoryId":33916},{"name":"Sustainability","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33928"},"slug":"sustainability","categoryId":33928},{"name":"General (Sustainability)","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33932"},"slug":"general-sustainability","categoryId":33932}],"title":"Wind Power For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"wind power for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"wind-power-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Learn about the basic parts of wind-electric systems, evaluate how much energy your home needs and explore how much wind your site gets.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"After you decide that your home is a good candidate for wind power, you need to understand the basic parts of wind-electric systems and how they fit together. In addition, you need to evaluate how much energy your home needs and how much wind your site actually gets — a realistic wind resource assessment is key. You also want to make sure to steer clear of \"too good to be true\" energy estimates from the pros who want to sell you their goods and services.","description":"After you decide that your home is a good candidate for wind power, you need to understand the basic parts of wind-electric systems and how they fit together. In addition, you need to evaluate how much energy your home needs and how much wind your site actually gets — a realistic wind resource assessment is key. You also want to make sure to steer clear of \"too good to be true\" energy estimates from the pros who want to sell you their goods and services.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":10583,"name":"Ian Woofenden","slug":"ian-woofenden","description":"Ian Woofenden is a senior editor with Home Power magazine, the Northwest & Costa Rica coordinator with Solar Energy International, and a wind-energy author, consultant, and instructor. He has been living off-grid with his family and several wind generators for over 35 years.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10583"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33932,"title":"General (Sustainability)","slug":"general-sustainability","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33932"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":195899,"title":"Verify Energy Claims from Wind Generator Professionals","slug":"verify-energy-claims-from-wind-generator-professionals","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","sustainability","general-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195899"}},{"articleId":195898,"title":"Do You Get Enough Wind for a Wind-Energy System?","slug":"do-you-get-enough-wind-for-a-wind-energy-system","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","sustainability","general-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195898"}},{"articleId":195894,"title":"The Major Parts of a Wind-Energy System","slug":"the-major-parts-of-a-wind-energy-system","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","sustainability","general-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195894"}},{"articleId":195895,"title":"Assess Your Energy Usage to Determine Your Wind-Energy Needs","slug":"assess-your-energy-usage-to-determine-your-wind-energy-needs","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","sustainability","general-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195895"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":208379,"title":"Alternative Energy For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"alternative-energy-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","sustainability","general-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208379"}},{"articleId":208344,"title":"Green Cleaning For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"green-cleaning-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","sustainability","general-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208344"}},{"articleId":206672,"title":"How to Set Up Your Own Community Environmental Project","slug":"how-to-set-up-your-own-community-environmental-project","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","sustainability","general-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/206672"}},{"articleId":206671,"title":"Eco-friendly Driving Tactics","slug":"eco-friendly-driving-tactics","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","sustainability","general-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/206671"}},{"articleId":206670,"title":"Cutting Back Consumption and Aiming for Zero Waste","slug":"cutting-back-consumption-and-aiming-for-zero-waste","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","sustainability","general-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/206670"}}]},"relatedBook":{"bookId":282674,"slug":"wind-power-for-dummies","isbn":"9780470496374","isbn10":"0470496371","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","sustainability","general-sustainability"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0470496371/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/0470496371/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/0470496371-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0470496371/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/0470496371/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/wind-power-for-dummies-cover-9780470496374-201x255.jpg","width":201,"height":255},"title":"Wind Power For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"\n <p><b data-author-id=\"10583\">Ian Woofenden</b> is a Senior Editor with Home Power magazine, the Northwest &amp; Costa Rica Coordinator with Solar Energy International, and a wind-energy author, consultant, and instructor. He has been living off-grid with his family and several wind generators for almost 30 years.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":10583,"name":"Ian Woofenden","slug":"ian-woofenden","description":"Ian Woofenden is a senior editor with Home Power magazine, the Northwest & Costa Rica coordinator with Solar Energy International, and a wind-energy author, consultant, and instructor. He has been living off-grid with his family and several wind generators for over 35 years.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10583"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;garden-green-living&quot;,&quot;sustainability&quot;,&quot;general-sustainability&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780470496374&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624f26e00348a\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;garden-green-living&quot;,&quot;sustainability&quot;,&quot;general-sustainability&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780470496374&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624f26e0039cc\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":195894,"title":"The Major Parts of a Wind-Energy System","slug":"the-major-parts-of-a-wind-energy-system","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","sustainability","general-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195894"}},{"articleId":195895,"title":"Assess Your Energy Usage to Determine Your Wind-Energy Needs","slug":"assess-your-energy-usage-to-determine-your-wind-energy-needs","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","sustainability","general-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195895"}},{"articleId":195898,"title":"Do You Get Enough Wind for a Wind-Energy System?","slug":"do-you-get-enough-wind-for-a-wind-energy-system","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","sustainability","general-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195898"}},{"articleId":195899,"title":"Verify Energy Claims from Wind Generator Professionals","slug":"verify-energy-claims-from-wind-generator-professionals","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","garden-green-living","sustainability","general-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195899"}}],"content":[{"title":"The major parts of a wind-energy system","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>When it comes to power, a wind generator by itself will do absolutely nothing for you. You need a wind-energy <i>system</i><i>,</i> which consists of most or all of these components:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Batteries (for off-grid and backup systems)</b> provide energy storage for periods of calm or during utility grid outages.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>A</b> <b>charge controller and/or voltage clamp</b> take raw energy from a wind generator and condition it so it can charge batteries safely and effectively or interface with an inverter and the utility grid.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Disconnects and overcurrent protection</b> provide safety from overloaded circuits and allow you to isolate different parts of the system.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>A</b> <b>dump load</b> is a place to divert excess energy in off-grid systems or when the utility grid is down, it&#8217;s windy, and your batteries are full.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>An</b> <b>inverter</b> converts direct current (DC) electricity to conventional household alternating current (AC) electricity, and it may &#8220;sell&#8221; surplus electricity to the utility grid.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Loads in a system </b>are energy-using devices, such as lights, appliances, and other electricity users.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">*<b>Metering</b> gives you data display and logging so you can tell what your system is doing and whether it&#8217;s performing well.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>A</b> <b>tower</b> supports a wind generator, getting it up into the smooth, strong wind that&#8217;s needed to generate meaningful amounts of electricity.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Transmission wiring and conduit</b> allow you to transfer energy from where it&#8217;s made to where it&#8217;s stored and used.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Wind generators (or turbines) </b>collect the energy in the wind and use it to make electricity.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Assess your energy usage to determine your wind-energy needs","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Doing a usage assessment to determine how much energy you need is a vital step toward getting a successful wind-electric system that meets your power expectations. These steps help you calculate how much energy you&#8217;re using:</p>\n<ol class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Review all energy bills so you can determine your overall energy use.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">List all <i>loads</i> (electrical appliances) with wattage and run time to see specifically where you&#8217;re using energy and how much you&#8217;re using.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Measure <i>phantom</i> <i>loads</i> (loads that use energy when turned off) using a watt meter.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Inspect your <i>building envelope</i> (the shell of your house), sealing, windows, and so on by having a professional do a blower door test (which pressurizes your house and measures how leaky it is).</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Have an HVAC professional inspect your space and water heating systems.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Consider your energy use habits and goals so you can look for ways to reduce your energy use and plan for future energy use.</p>\n</li>\n</ol>\n"},{"title":"Do you get enough wind for a wind-energy system?","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Analyzing your wind resource (your site&#8217;s average wind speed, measured in miles per hour) is one of the hardest jobs you face when selecting a wind-electric system; no single method gives you exact numbers. To come up with a good estimate of your site&#8217;s average wind speed, combine as many of the following strategies as possible:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Put up a recording anemometer </b>at the proposed wind generator height to measure your actual wind resource; you often need to do it over the course of a year or more.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Use a small test turbine with a watt-hour meter </b>to give you some data while giving you a bit of energy; you can learn important lessons from the experience.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Consult wind maps and roses, </b>which show generalized wind resource information for your area.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Sift through local weather data, </b>which may be an excellent source of wind resource information.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Live on site with eyes and ears open</b> to note seasonal variations in wind.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Climb something tall (like a tree that&#8217;s on a high point on your property) </b>and look at topography and obstructions; this can help you determine your optimum tower height.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Study vegetation, </b>which<b> </b>may reflect how much wind you have; by reading the deformation of trees, you may be able to estimate your wind resource.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Talk with neighbors; </b>they<b> </b>may give you valuable perspective on wind in your neighborhood, especially if your neighbors are wind-energy users.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Verify energy claims from wind generator professionals","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Many wind generator inventors, manufacturers, and installers make claims about how much energy you can get from their idea or product, but how can you know whether those energy claims are realistic, ambitious, or outright scams? In all cases, you should seek real-world confirmation of estimates and check your wind power professional&#8217;s numbers.</p>\n<p>To test for &#8220;enthusiastic&#8221; estimates from inventors, manufacturers, or installers, do the following:</p>\n<ol class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Verify the average wind speed the professional or manufacturer is using as the basis of the claim.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Without an accurate average wind speed from your actual tower height, you can&#8217;t get an accurate prediction of wind energy on your site.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Verify the <i>swept area</i> (the area that the blades sweep) of the wind generator.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">For horizontal-axis machines, the swept area equals the rotor radius (half of the diameter) squared times Pi (3.14 if your calculator doesn&#8217;t have a Pi button). For vertical-axis wind generators, take height times width for swept area; multiply that total by 0.65 for Darrieus-style vertical-axis turbines.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Multiply the swept area (in square feet) by the average wind speed cubed (in miles per hour), and divide that total by 32,000 for an estimate of average daily kWh production from a typical machine.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Multiply your final total by 30 to get your average monthly energy in kWh and 365 for annual energy in kWh.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Check this prediction against manufacturer claims or installer production estimates.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\"><b></b>If the manufacturer or installer claim is 50 percent or more above your estimate, the machine may possibly be <i>very</i> efficient, but you&#8217;re probably looking at an exaggerated claim.</p>\n</li>\n</ol>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"One year","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-07T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":209451},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2022-03-29T14:57:08+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-07T13:15:33+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-07T18:01:03+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Pets","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33964"},"slug":"pets","categoryId":33964},{"name":"Cats","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33966"},"slug":"cats","categoryId":33966}],"title":"How to Tell Whether Your Cat Is Feline Officer Material","strippedTitle":"how to tell whether your cat is feline officer material","slug":"how-to-tell-whether-your-cat-is-feline-officer-material","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Ever wonder if your cat has the right stuff to make it as a member of the force? Look for these telltale signs of blue blood in your feline. ","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"<em>While we wish we lived in a world with kitty cops, sadly, this blog is only an April Fool's Day dream from your friendly Dummies.com team.</em>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ever wonder if your cat has the right stuff to make it as a member of the force? Police work requires a certain temperament from its kitty cops that may not be present in all cats. </span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Look for these telltale signs of blue blood in your feline pal.</span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_291831\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-291831 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/shutterstock_1094157071-resized.jpg\" alt=\"Cat with a police officer costume\" width=\"630\" height=\"503\" /> You may have to take your cat's uniform to a tailor for alterations. <br />© Shutterstock / Viktoriya5555[/caption]\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" ><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Stealthiness</span></b></h2>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Especially important in <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/academics-the-arts/science/forensics/forensics-assessing-the-scene-of-the-crime-200080/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">detective work</a>, this skill is useful for tailing a suspect, whether or not you’ve got a tail. But if your cat is more gawky than graceful, he may not be a good fit. Try hiding in a pantry or behind an almost-closed door with a tasty treat in hand. Does your cat <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/home-auto-hobbies/pets/cats/how-to-recognize-good-health-in-kittens-and-cats-269515/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">place her paw precisely</a> around the door frame, or does she claw at the door with an ungodly yowl? </span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":259}\"> </span>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" ><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Athleticism</span></b></h2>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">The trope of the overweight officer with a donut in hand is true of some cops. But most members of the force must undergo <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/academics-the-arts/study-skills-test-prep/police-officer-exam/getting-in-shape-for-the-police-exam-physical-test-189762/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rigorous training</a> to stay in the field. Otherwise, how are they supposed to apprehend cat burglars? If your <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/home-auto-hobbies/pets/cats/maintaining-the-perfect-cat-diet-201032/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kitty’s gut</a> shows that he’s had one too many salmon snaps, he may be more suited to a cat nap. </span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":259}\"> </span>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" ><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Moral uprightness</span></b></h2>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">If you’ve ever watched police films like </span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">L.A. Confidential</span></i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> or </span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Serpico</span></i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, you’re aware that crooked cops exist. Still, in a perfect world, we’d love to know that the folks hired to keep us safe have our best interests at heart. Let’s be honest — this may be the hardest litmus test for your cat to pass. Ask yourself honestly: If you had a serious accident at home, would your cat <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/home-auto-hobbies/sports-recreation/survival-skills/worldwide-distress-frequencies-and-phone-numbers-181959/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">call 9-1-1</a>, or would she use the opportune time to jump on the counter and devour your lunch? If you think the latter, unfortunately, your cat is probably not destined for glory.</span>","description":"<em>While we wish we lived in a world with kitty cops, sadly, this blog is only an April Fool's Day dream from your friendly Dummies.com team.</em>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ever wonder if your cat has the right stuff to make it as a member of the force? Police work requires a certain temperament from its kitty cops that may not be present in all cats. </span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Look for these telltale signs of blue blood in your feline pal.</span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_291831\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-291831 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/shutterstock_1094157071-resized.jpg\" alt=\"Cat with a police officer costume\" width=\"630\" height=\"503\" /> You may have to take your cat's uniform to a tailor for alterations. <br />© Shutterstock / Viktoriya5555[/caption]\r\n<h2 id=\"tab1\" ><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Stealthiness</span></b></h2>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Especially important in <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/academics-the-arts/science/forensics/forensics-assessing-the-scene-of-the-crime-200080/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">detective work</a>, this skill is useful for tailing a suspect, whether or not you’ve got a tail. But if your cat is more gawky than graceful, he may not be a good fit. Try hiding in a pantry or behind an almost-closed door with a tasty treat in hand. Does your cat <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/home-auto-hobbies/pets/cats/how-to-recognize-good-health-in-kittens-and-cats-269515/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">place her paw precisely</a> around the door frame, or does she claw at the door with an ungodly yowl? </span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":259}\"> </span>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab2\" ><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Athleticism</span></b></h2>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">The trope of the overweight officer with a donut in hand is true of some cops. But most members of the force must undergo <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/academics-the-arts/study-skills-test-prep/police-officer-exam/getting-in-shape-for-the-police-exam-physical-test-189762/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rigorous training</a> to stay in the field. Otherwise, how are they supposed to apprehend cat burglars? If your <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/home-auto-hobbies/pets/cats/maintaining-the-perfect-cat-diet-201032/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kitty’s gut</a> shows that he’s had one too many salmon snaps, he may be more suited to a cat nap. </span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"201341983\":0,\"335559739\":160,\"335559740\":259}\"> </span>\r\n<h2 id=\"tab3\" ><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Moral uprightness</span></b></h2>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">If you’ve ever watched police films like </span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">L.A. Confidential</span></i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> or </span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Serpico</span></i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, you’re aware that crooked cops exist. Still, in a perfect world, we’d love to know that the folks hired to keep us safe have our best interests at heart. Let’s be honest — this may be the hardest litmus test for your cat to pass. Ask yourself honestly: If you had a serious accident at home, would your cat <a href=\"https://www.dummies.com/article/home-auto-hobbies/sports-recreation/survival-skills/worldwide-distress-frequencies-and-phone-numbers-181959/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">call 9-1-1</a>, or would she use the opportune time to jump on the counter and devour your lunch? If you think the latter, unfortunately, your cat is probably not destined for glory.</span>","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":34757,"name":"Christy Jones","slug":"christy-jones","description":"Christy Jones is a writer, editor, and content manager for Dummies.com based in Minneapolis, MN.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/34757"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33966,"title":"Cats","slug":"cats","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33966"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[{"label":"<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Stealthiness</span>","target":"#tab1"},{"label":"<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Athleticism</span>","target":"#tab2"},{"label":"<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Moral uprightness</span>","target":"#tab3"}],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":269520,"title":"10 Cool Cat-Related Places to Visit","slug":"10-cool-cat-related-places-to-visit","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","pets","cats"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/269520"}},{"articleId":269515,"title":"How to Recognize Good Health in Kittens and Cats","slug":"how-to-recognize-good-health-in-kittens-and-cats","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","pets","cats"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/269515"}},{"articleId":269506,"title":"Cat Characteristics by Breed","slug":"cat-characteristics-by-breed","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","pets","cats"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/269506"}},{"articleId":269501,"title":"Cats—Indoors versus Outdoors Controversy","slug":"cats-indoors-versus-outdoors-controversy","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","pets","cats"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/269501"}},{"articleId":269495,"title":"10 Common Household Dangers to Your Cat","slug":"10-common-household-dangers-to-your-cat","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","pets","cats"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/269495"}}]},"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"isbn10":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;pets&quot;,&quot;cats&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624f26dfa9e37\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;pets&quot;,&quot;cats&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624f26dfaa7ce\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Articles","articleList":null,"content":null,"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Six months","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-03-29T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":291828},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:55:12+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-06T16:47:48+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-06T18:01:07+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Home Improvement & Appliances","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33939"},"slug":"home-improvement-appliances","categoryId":33939},{"name":"Decorating","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33947"},"slug":"decorating","categoryId":33947}],"title":"Feng Shui For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"feng shui for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"feng-shui-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Discover how the Chinese art of Feng Shui can improve every aspect of your life.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"An ancient Chinese art, Feng Shui empowers you to improve every aspect of your life, from your health and wealth to your relationships and career. How does Feng Shui work? It enhances your environment according to principles of harmony and energy flow. Whether you’re aware of it or not, your environment — and your relationship with it — are constantly affecting you. Consequently, your best bet for a healthy, happy, and successful life is to make your environment work for you through the practice of Feng Shui.","description":"An ancient Chinese art, Feng Shui empowers you to improve every aspect of your life, from your health and wealth to your relationships and career. How does Feng Shui work? It enhances your environment according to principles of harmony and energy flow. Whether you’re aware of it or not, your environment — and your relationship with it — are constantly affecting you. Consequently, your best bet for a healthy, happy, and successful life is to make your environment work for you through the practice of Feng Shui.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":10267,"name":"David Daniel Kennedy","slug":"david-daniel-kennedy","description":"David Daniel Kennedy is a leading expert on Feng Shui. He is the author of three books on the subject, as well as a self-directed course. Kennedy learned Feng Shui directly from \"founding father\" Lin Yun, and he excels at translating the art of Feng Shui into simple, practical actions you can use to transform your life. Learn more at fengshuicommunity.com.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10267"}},{"authorId":10268,"name":"Grandmaster Lin Yun","slug":"grandmaster-lin-yun","description":"Grandmaster Lin Yun founded two Buddhist temples in the United States. His most notable achievement, on a long list of awards and accomplishments, was bringing Black Sect Buddhism, and especially his Feng Shui teachings, into mainstream western society. He died in 2010.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10268"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33947,"title":"Decorating","slug":"decorating","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33947"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33945,"title":"Cleaning & Organization","slug":"cleaning-organization","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33945"}},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":190679,"title":"Energize Life Areas with Color and the Feng Shui Octagon","slug":"energize-life-areas-with-color-and-the-feng-shui-octagon","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","home-improvement-appliances","decorating"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/190679"}},{"articleId":190680,"title":"How to See Immediate Home Improvement through Feng Shui","slug":"how-to-see-immediate-home-improvement-through-feng-shui","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","home-improvement-appliances","decorating"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/190680"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":265474,"title":"Infusing Hygge Into Your Home","slug":"infusing-hygge-into-your-home","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","home-improvement-appliances","decorating"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/265474"}},{"articleId":208940,"title":"Home Decorating For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"home-decorating-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","home-improvement-appliances","decorating"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/208940"}},{"articleId":201710,"title":"How to Update Your Kitchen Cabinets","slug":"how-to-update-your-kitchen-cabinets","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","home-improvement-appliances","decorating"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201710"}},{"articleId":201709,"title":"How to Use Color to Change a Room","slug":"how-to-use-color-to-change-a-room","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","home-improvement-appliances","decorating"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201709"}},{"articleId":201701,"title":"How to Choose Furniture for a Large Room","slug":"how-to-choose-furniture-for-a-large-room","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","home-improvement-appliances","decorating"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201701"}}]},"relatedBook":{"bookId":282192,"slug":"feng-shui-for-dummies-2nd-edition","isbn":"9781119643166","isbn10":"1119643163","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","home-improvement-appliances","decorating"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119643163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119643163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119643163-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119643163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119643163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/feng-shui-for-dummies-2nd-edition-cover-9781119643166-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Feng Shui For Dummies, 2nd Edition","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"\n <p><b data-author-id=\"10267\">David Daniel Kennedy</b> is a leading expert on Feng Shui. He is the author of three books on the subject, as well as a self-directed course. Kennedy learned Feng Shui directly from \"founding father\" Lin Yun, and he excels at translating the art of Feng Shui into simple, practical actions you can use to transform your life. Learn more at fengshuicommunity.com. <b data-author-id=\"10268\">Grandmaster Lin Yun</b> founded two Buddhist temples in the United States. His most notable achievement, on a long list of awards and accomplishments, was bringing Black Sect Buddhism, and especially his Feng Shui teachings, into mainstream western society. He died in 2010.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":10267,"name":"David Daniel Kennedy","slug":"david-daniel-kennedy","description":"David Daniel Kennedy is a leading expert on Feng Shui. He is the author of three books on the subject, as well as a self-directed course. Kennedy learned Feng Shui directly from \"founding father\" Lin Yun, and he excels at translating the art of Feng Shui into simple, practical actions you can use to transform your life. Learn more at fengshuicommunity.com.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10267"}},{"authorId":10268,"name":"Grandmaster Lin Yun","slug":"grandmaster-lin-yun","description":"Grandmaster Lin Yun founded two Buddhist temples in the United States. His most notable achievement, on a long list of awards and accomplishments, was bringing Black Sect Buddhism, and especially his Feng Shui teachings, into mainstream western society. He died in 2010.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/10268"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;home-improvement-appliances&quot;,&quot;decorating&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119643166&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624dd563047e7\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;home-improvement-appliances&quot;,&quot;decorating&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119643166&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624dd56304d66\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":190679,"title":"Energize Life Areas with Color and the Feng Shui Octagon","slug":"energize-life-areas-with-color-and-the-feng-shui-octagon","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","home-improvement-appliances","decorating"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/190679"}},{"articleId":190680,"title":"How to See Immediate Home Improvement through Feng Shui","slug":"how-to-see-immediate-home-improvement-through-feng-shui","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","home-improvement-appliances","decorating"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/190680"}}],"content":[{"title":"Energize life areas with color and Feng Shui octagon ","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p><img src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/224663.image0.jpg\" alt=\"image0.jpg\" /></p>\n<div class=\"b-overlay-wrap position-relative\" data-v-96ac3c76=\"\">\n<section class=\"app-content Article3\" data-v-96ac3c76=\"\">\n<article id=\"printArticle\" class=\"article-page\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\" data-v-96ac3c76=\"\">\n<div class=\"custom-container container\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<div class=\"row article-body\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<div class=\"col-md-12 col-lg-9\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<div class=\"page-content d-flex\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<div class=\"middle-content\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<div id=\"inner-middle-content\" class=\"inner-middle-content\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<div id=\"article-content-wrapper\" data-v-89b5964a=\"\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<article class=\"article-content w-100\" data-v-89b5964a=\"\" data-testid=\"articleContent\">A colored object placed within the Life Area (of your space) associated with that color can help energize that space. By placing the <i>Feng Shui Octagon, </i>a tool for mapping the energies of a home or lot, over your lot plan or a floor plan of your home (starting with the first floor and then moving to any additional floors), you can figure out which parts of your home fall in which Life Areas and cure them with an appropriately colored object.From painting the walls yellow in the Health Area of your home (for better health and physical well-being) to positioning a healthy green plant in the Family Area of your home or lot (to encourage unity and a stronger family bond), Feng Shui encourages the use of color to enhance your life energy. The following table shows you how to apply color to magnify the energy of each Life Area.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Color</th>\n<th>Home or Lot Area to Place Color</th>\n<th>Life Area Helped</th>\n<th>Specifically Improves</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gray</td>\n<td>Right front</td>\n<td>Helpful People</td>\n<td>Assistance from others, travel</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Black</td>\n<td>Center front</td>\n<td>Career</td>\n<td>Career success, promotion, better job</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Blue</td>\n<td>Left front</td>\n<td>Knowledge</td>\n<td>Learning, spiritual growth</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Green</td>\n<td>Center left</td>\n<td>Family</td>\n<td>Family harmony, growth, unity</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Purple</td>\n<td>Back left</td>\n<td>Wealth</td>\n<td>Money, prosperity</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Red</td>\n<td>Back center</td>\n<td>Fame</td>\n<td>Fame and reputation</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pink</td>\n<td>Back right</td>\n<td>Marriage</td>\n<td>Marriage/relationship with significant other</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>White</td>\n<td>Center right</td>\n<td>Children</td>\n<td>Children’s safety, growth, and improvement</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Yellow</td>\n<td>Center</td>\n<td>Health</td>\n<td>Physical, mental, and emotional health</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n</article>\n</div>\n<div class=\"about-article-section\" data-v-2c35db38=\"\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\"></div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"right-sidebar col-md-12 col-lg-3\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<div class=\"right-sidebar-top\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<div class=\"book-purchase-cta\" data-v-107d0b56=\"\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\" data-testid=\"bookInfoWrapper\">\n<h5 data-v-107d0b56=\"\" data-testid=\"bookInfoTitle\"></h5>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</article>\n</section>\n</div>\n"},{"title":"How to see immediate home improvement through Feng Shui ","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<div class=\"col-md-12 col-lg-9\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<div class=\"page-content d-flex\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<div class=\"middle-content\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<div id=\"inner-middle-content\" class=\"inner-middle-content\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<div id=\"article-content-wrapper\" data-v-89b5964a=\"\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<article class=\"article-content\" data-v-89b5964a=\"\" data-testid=\"articleContent\">If you’re looking to make some quick improvements to the environment in your home, the following list of practical Feng Shui cures is at your service:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Place an energetic fountain near your front door.</b> The flowing energy of the water symbolizes cash, which helps more of the green stuff come your way. Get ready to enjoy more cash flow and connections with key people thanks to this simple cure.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Clear the entryway to your home.</b> Let the <i>chi</i> (energy) flow right into your home and life by ridding your home’s front entry of obstacles. Such things as looming plants or vines, old newspapers, bikes, and toys in your front path may limit the amount of energy entering your home. Clear out anything behind your door for even more benefits.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Make sure your home encourages learning.</b> Put books where you can see them when you come in the front door to stimulate learning in both you and your children.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Get rid of unwanted frustrations by fixing broken objects.</b> Make sure your front door is in good working order. It shouldn’t scrape the floor or squeak, and the doorknob, hinges, and locks should all be secure. This cure allows you to release your frustrations and anxieties and smoothes your life path.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Spice up your love life with plants in the bedroom.</b> Place three or nine new plants in your bedroom to enliven the energy of the room, adding hope and cheer. (If the plants have pink flowers, this cure will be even stronger!)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Position your bed to feel safe, loved, and great.</b> Place your bed in the Commanding Position of your bedroom. This spot is the one farthest from the door but where you’re still able to see the doorway and anyone approaching while you’re lying in the bed. Placing your bed in the Commanding Position allows you to be stronger, calmer, and in charge.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Block drains to keep dollars from draining out of your pockets.</b> To keep your funds from being drained, keep your bathroom doors closed, hang full-length mirrors on the outsides of your bathroom doors, and keep your drains closed when not in use (cover the sink drain, stop the tub, and keep the toilet lid closed).</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Encourage helpful people in your life by hanging a pleasant-sounding wind chime.</b> The sound of a metal wind chime hung in the right-front area of your home, office, or bedroom activates more people to help you and gets you more help from the people who are already at your side.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Boost your career with a better desk position.</b> Position your desk cater-corner to and facing the office or cube door (even if you don’t actually have a door in your workspace). If you can’t turn your desk to face the door, arrange a mirror on your desk or wall so you can see who’s coming. This adjustment helps you encounter more opportunities, go further in your field, and lose less often.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</article>\n</div>\n<div class=\"about-article-section\" data-v-2c35db38=\"\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<div class=\"about-article-item\" data-v-77635c21=\"\" data-v-2c35db38=\"\" data-testid=\"aboutArticleCategory\"></div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"right-sidebar col-md-12 col-lg-3\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<div class=\"right-sidebar-top\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\">\n<div class=\"book-purchase-cta\" data-v-107d0b56=\"\" data-v-76ccd6ad=\"\" data-testid=\"bookInfoWrapper\">\n<h5 data-v-107d0b56=\"\" data-testid=\"bookInfoTitle\"></h5>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-02-22T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":208822},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2017-02-27T22:04:41+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-05T22:00:23+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-06T00:01:11+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Food & Drink","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33839"},"slug":"food-drink","categoryId":33839},{"name":"Recipes","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33859"},"slug":"recipes","categoryId":33859},{"name":"Diabetes Recipes","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33868"},"slug":"diabetes-recipes","categoryId":33868}],"title":"Diabetes and Carb Counting For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"diabetes and carb counting for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"diabetes-carb-counting-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Use this Cheat Sheet as a quick reference for managing carbs when you have diabetes, including choosing proteins, fats, and other foods.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Diabetes is a condition that is largely self-managed. Successful management hinges on discovering how what you eat affects your blood-glucose levels and your overall health and well-being.\r\n\r\nCarbohydrate foods are digested into glucose, which is the primary fuel used by your brain and muscles as well as other tissues and organs. You can employ carb counting and portioning tools such as the plate method to assure you get the right amount of carbohydrate to meet your needs.\r\n\r\nYour food choices impact more than just your blood-glucose levels; your overall diet affects your quality of life and long-term health. You can enjoy eating while optimizing nutrition. Here are some tips for improving selections within all food groups.","description":"Diabetes is a condition that is largely self-managed. Successful management hinges on discovering how what you eat affects your blood-glucose levels and your overall health and well-being.\r\n\r\nCarbohydrate foods are digested into glucose, which is the primary fuel used by your brain and muscles as well as other tissues and organs. You can employ carb counting and portioning tools such as the plate method to assure you get the right amount of carbohydrate to meet your needs.\r\n\r\nYour food choices impact more than just your blood-glucose levels; your overall diet affects your quality of life and long-term health. You can enjoy eating while optimizing nutrition. Here are some tips for improving selections within all food groups.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":11070,"name":"Sherri Shafer","slug":"sherri-shafer","description":"Sherri Shafer is a senior registered dietitian and a certified diabetes educator at the University of California San Francisco Medical Center. 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She teaches diabetes self-management workshops and provides nutrition counseling for individuals with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and gestational dia-betes. She is also the author of <i>Diabetes Type 2: Complete Food Management Program</i>. </p>","authors":[{"authorId":11070,"name":"Sherri Shafer","slug":"sherri-shafer","description":"Sherri Shafer is a senior registered dietitian and a certified diabetes educator at the University of California San Francisco Medical Center. She teaches diabetes self-management workshops and provides nutrition counseling for individuals with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and gestational diabetes. She is also the author of Diabetes Type 2: Complete Food Management Program.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/11070"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;recipes&quot;,&quot;diabetes-recipes&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119315643&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624cd8470cb15\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;recipes&quot;,&quot;diabetes-recipes&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119315643&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624cd8470d23c\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":234599,"title":"Choosing Carbs Wisely When You Have Diabetes","slug":"choosing-carbs-wisely-diabetes","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","diabetes-recipes"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/234599"}},{"articleId":234602,"title":"Picking Best-Bet Proteins and Fats When You Have Diabetes","slug":"picking-best-bet-proteins-fats-diabetes","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","diabetes-recipes"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/234602"}},{"articleId":234605,"title":"Portioning the Perfect Plate as You Control Carbs and Manage Diabetes","slug":"portioning-perfect-plate-control-carbs-manage-diabetes","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","diabetes-recipes"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/234605"}},{"articleId":234612,"title":"Making Better Choices When Carb Counting with Diabetes","slug":"making-better-choices-carb-counting-diabetes","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","diabetes-recipes"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/234612"}}],"content":[{"title":"Choosing carbs wisely when you have diabetes","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>A diagnosis of diabetes doesn&#8217;t mean carbs should be avoided or even over-restricted. Carb-containing foods provide important vitamins and minerals. People with diabetes should be mindful of their carbohydrate intakes and choose healthy foods in appropriate portions. Count carbohydrates to ensure your needs are met. Limit sugary foods with added fats and sodium. Opt for nutrient-rich carb choices as indicated here:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zero in on whole grains, such as brown rice, oatmeal, quinoa, farro, millet, and bulgur. Look for &#8220;whole-grain&#8221; breads, pasta, and crackers.</li>\n<li>Count the carbs in your starchy vegetables, such as potatoes, yams, sweet potatoes, corn, and peas.</li>\n<li>Eat plenty of non-starchy vegetables, including broccoli, asparagus, carrots, cabbage, cauliflower, snow peas, mushrooms, tomatoes, and peppers. Load up on leafy green salads. Choose a variety of colorful produce.</li>\n<li>Look for ways to add legumes. Toss kidney or garbanzo beans into salads, dredge raw veggies in hummus, or have a side of beans.</li>\n<li>Forage for fresh fruits. Limit to one serving at a time and skip the juice. Eat portions that are the size of a tennis ball or that fit in a 1-cup measuring cup.</li>\n<li>Choose nonfat, low-fat, and reduced-fat milk and yogurt.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Picking best-bet proteins and fats","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Uncontrolled diabetes increases your risk for heart disease. Diabetes has a dietary component to successful management, and the same can be said for heart disease. In terms of diabetes, the focus is on carb quality, portioning, and carb counting. For heart health you&#8217;ll want to limit artery-clogging saturated fats and trans fats; instead choose healthier fats from vegetable oils and fish. These tips provide guidance:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Opt for lean proteins to accompany your carbs. Fish is fantastic, seafood is sensational, poultry is perfect (skinless), tofu is terrific, and there&#8217;s even room for red meats (lean, not marbled).</li>\n<li>Protein is also provided in eggs, cheese, cottage cheese, and vegetarian meat replacements.</li>\n<li>Legumes are packed with protein. They also contain soluble fiber, which is the heart-healthy type that helps lower blood-cholesterol levels.</li>\n<li>Use heart-healthy fats and oils, including olive oil, canola or any liquid vegetable oil, nuts, nut butters, seeds, and avocados.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Portioning the perfect plate as you control carbs","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>For many people with type 2 diabetes, blood-glucose levels can be adequately controlled with simple carbohydrate portioning guidelines. Rather than counting carbs precisely, the plate method offers a quick visual tool for portioning foods. The plate method not only helps manage carb intake, but it can also help with weight control by setting serving size limits. Here&#8217;s how it works:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fill 1/4 of your dinner plate with grain, bread, or starchy vegetables.</li>\n<li>Reserve 1/4 of the plate for lean protein, then load up 1/2 of the plate with salad or low-carb vegetables.</li>\n<li>Opt for a small serving of fruit and a cup of reduced fat milk if desired.</li>\n<li>Here&#8217;s an additional visual check: Keep the protein serving the size of the palm of your own hand and the starch portion the size or your clenched fist.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Making better choices when counting carbs","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Managing carb intake is important for everyone with diabetes because carb choices and portions directly affect blood-glucose levels. Your food choices influence more than just diabetes management; what you choose to eat affects your weight and overall health. With a few simple modifications, you can improve the quality of your diet and lower your intake of fat, calories, sugar, and salt. That&#8217;s good news for your diabetes, weight, heart health, and blood pressure.</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Instead of:</strong> Whole milk, regular cheeses, cream cheese, sour cream<br />\n<strong>Choose:</strong> Nonfat, low-fat, or reduced-fat versions</li>\n<li><strong>Instead of:</strong> Bacon, sausage, ribs, salami, pastrami, hot dogs<br />\n<strong>Choose: </strong>Canadian bacon, ham, lean roast beef, poultry, veggie dogs</li>\n<li><strong>Instead of:</strong> White, refined breads, crackers, pastas, rice<br />\n<strong>Choose: </strong>Whole-grain breads, crackers, pastas, brown rice</li>\n<li><strong>Instead of: </strong>Sweet rolls, breakfast pastries, donuts, Danish, muffins<br />\n<strong>Choose:</strong> Fruit spreads on whole-wheat toast or an English muffin</li>\n<li><strong>Instead of:</strong> Potato chips, corn chips, buttery popcorn<br />\n<strong>Choose:</strong> Baked versions of chips, air-popped or microwave lite popcorn</li>\n<li><strong>Instead of:</strong> Deep-frying foods<br />\n<strong>Choose:</strong> Baking, steaming, grilling, poaching, boiling, broiling</li>\n<li><strong>Instead of:</strong> Regular sugary soft drinks, sodas, sweetened iced tea<br />\n<strong>Choose:</strong> Diet drinks, mineral water, unsweetened (or diet) tea</li>\n<li><strong>Instead of:</strong> Solid fats such as butter, stick margarine, and shortening<br />\n<strong>Choose: </strong>Liquid vegetable oils such as olive, canola, soybean, sesame, and peanut oils</li>\n<li><strong>Instead of:</strong> Salt<br />\n<strong>Choose:</strong> Salt-free seasonings, herbs, spices, pepper</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Solve","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-05T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":234616},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:48:34+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-05T21:37:12+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-06T00:01:10+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Food & Drink","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33839"},"slug":"food-drink","categoryId":33839},{"name":"Fermenting","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33850"},"slug":"fermenting","categoryId":33850}],"title":"Fermenting For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"fermenting for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"fermenting-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"As you're learning about fermenting foods, keep this handy Cheat Sheet nearby for terms and a guide on cleaning and sanitizing your tools.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"Fermenting foods requires a little bit of planning, research, and preparation before you can begin. Understanding the terms used in fermenting recipes is vitally important. And once you're ready to start fermenting your own food, you must make sure that your tools and equipment are completely clean.","description":"Fermenting foods requires a little bit of planning, research, and preparation before you can begin. Understanding the terms used in fermenting recipes is vitally important. And once you're ready to start fermenting your own food, you must make sure that your tools and equipment are completely clean.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9319,"name":"Marni Wasserman","slug":"marni-wasserman","description":"Marni Wasserman is passionate about real food. She inspires people to eat well and live well every day. She shares many of her recipes and tips at marniwasserman.com.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9319"}},{"authorId":9558,"name":"Amelia Jeanroy","slug":"amelia-jeanroy","description":"Amy Jeanroy is passionate about healthy, homemade foods and has been making and eating fermented food for 20 years. She shares daily recipes on her site, thefarmingwife.com. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9558"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33850,"title":"Fermenting","slug":"fermenting","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33850"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":161104,"title":"Glossary of Fermenting Terms","slug":"glossary-of-fermenting-terms","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","fermenting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/161104"}},{"articleId":161088,"title":"Cleaning and Sanitizing Your Fermenting Tools","slug":"cleaning-and-sanitizing-your-fermenting-tools","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","fermenting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/161088"}},{"articleId":161020,"title":"10 Reasons to Eat Fermented Foods","slug":"10-reasons-to-eat-fermented-foods","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","fermenting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/161020"}},{"articleId":160970,"title":"Choose Locally Sourced Foods for Fermenting Projects","slug":"choose-locally-sourced-foods-for-fermenting-projects","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","fermenting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/160970"}},{"articleId":160967,"title":"Getting Your Protein from Seeds and Nuts","slug":"getting-your-protein-from-seeds-and-nuts","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","fermenting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/160967"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":194917,"title":"How to Make Berry-Flavored Vinegar","slug":"how-to-make-berry-flavored-vinegar","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","fermenting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/194917"}},{"articleId":161104,"title":"Glossary of Fermenting Terms","slug":"glossary-of-fermenting-terms","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","fermenting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/161104"}},{"articleId":161088,"title":"Cleaning and Sanitizing Your Fermenting Tools","slug":"cleaning-and-sanitizing-your-fermenting-tools","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","fermenting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/161088"}},{"articleId":161020,"title":"10 Reasons to Eat Fermented Foods","slug":"10-reasons-to-eat-fermented-foods","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","fermenting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/161020"}},{"articleId":160970,"title":"Choose Locally Sourced Foods for Fermenting Projects","slug":"choose-locally-sourced-foods-for-fermenting-projects","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","fermenting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/160970"}}]},"relatedBook":{"bookId":282193,"slug":"fermenting-for-dummies","isbn":"9781119594208","isbn10":"1119594200","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","fermenting"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119594200/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119594200/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119594200-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119594200/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119594200/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/fermenting-for-dummies-cover-9781119594208-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Fermenting For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"\n <p><b data-author-id=\"9319\">Marni Wasserman</b> is passionate about real food. She inspires people to eat well and live well everyday. She shares many of her recipes and tips at www.marniwasserman.com. <b data-author-id=\"9558\">Amy Jeanroy</b> is passionate about healthy, homemade foods and has been making and eating fermented food for 20 years. She shares daily recipes on her site, www.thefarmingwife.com. </p>","authors":[{"authorId":9319,"name":"Marni Wasserman","slug":"marni-wasserman","description":"Marni Wasserman is passionate about real food. She inspires people to eat well and live well every day. She shares many of her recipes and tips at marniwasserman.com.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9319"}},{"authorId":9558,"name":"Amelia Jeanroy","slug":"amelia-jeanroy","description":"Amy Jeanroy is passionate about healthy, homemade foods and has been making and eating fermented food for 20 years. She shares daily recipes on her site, thefarmingwife.com. ","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9558"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;fermenting&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119594208&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624cd846ec7ef\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;fermenting&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781119594208&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624cd846ecd2e\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":161104,"title":"Glossary of Fermenting Terms","slug":"glossary-of-fermenting-terms","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","fermenting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/161104"}},{"articleId":161088,"title":"Cleaning and Sanitizing Your Fermenting Tools","slug":"cleaning-and-sanitizing-your-fermenting-tools","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","fermenting"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/161088"}}],"content":[{"title":"Glossary of fermenting terms","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Fermenting foods and beverages requires a little bit of know-how. It&#8217;s definitely more complicated than grilling a chicken or baking a cake. But if you take the time to familiarize yourself with some of the processes and ingredients, you&#8217;ll have a much easier time creating delicious fermented items. The following glossary should help:</p>\n<p><b>Amasake: </b>A sweet fermented rice drink that has traditional roots in Japan.</p>\n<p><b>Anaerobic:</b> This term refers to environments without oxygen. In fermentation, an anaerobic environment is necessary for breaking down carbohydrates and turning them into sugar.</p>\n<p><b>Brine:</b> A saltwater solution. A brine is made for pickling or fermenting and acts on the food by drawing out the water from its cells and killing any bad bacteria that might spoil the food.</p>\n<p><b>Enzyme inhibitor:</b> An enzyme inhibitor decreases the enzymes function and can interfere with one&#8217;s digestion.</p>\n<p><b>Incubator: </b>Any object or supply that will help to keep your fermented food at the desired temperature during the fermentation process.</p>\n<p><b>Koji: </b>A fermented starter made from cultured soybeans and rice. It is responsible for breaking down the carbohydrates and sugars in food products.</p>\n<p><b>Kombucha:</b> A healing fermented drink that has its roots in Asia. It is made from a SCOBY (see below), tea, and sugar. It has a slightly tangy taste</p>\n<p><b>Kvass:</b> This fermented beverage began as a Russian brewed drink made from rye bread or beets. Has a flavor that&#8217;s similar to root beer or cola.</p>\n<p><b>Lactic acid:</b> This acid stops the growth of bad bacteria that might spoil your food, turning it into consumable fermented goods!</p>\n<p><b>Lactobacillus: </b>A bacteria that helps to produce lactic acid from carbohydrates. It is responsible for turning starches into sugars and acids and is essential for fermentation process.</p>\n<p><b>Phytic acid: </b>These anti-nutrients are naturally occurring in some grains and can prevent healthy minerals from being absorbed by your body.</p>\n<p><b>Probiotics:</b> Like lactobacillus, probiotics are micro-organisms that are healthy for our body and especially our gut! They are naturally occurring in foods.</p>\n<p><b>SCOBY:</b> <b>S</b>ymbiotic <b>C</b>olony <b>o</b>f <b>B</b>acteria and <b>Y</b>east. It is an essential culture needed for kombucha making, an ancient healing fermented drink.</p>\n<p><b>Starter: </b>Just another name for any pre-fermented product. Starter cultures can be purchased commercially or made at home. All starters are made up of naturally occurring microorganisms, most notably the Lactobacilli, and a combination of other food products such as water and flour or dairy product such as milk or yoghurt.</p>\n<p><b>Wort:</b> In homebrewing, the name for the beverage or soda mix before you have added your starter and initiated fermentation.</p>\n"},{"title":"Cleaning and sanitizing your fermenting tools","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>When fermenting, having a clean work space and tools ensures that your good bacteria outnumber the bad. Cleaning your work area and equipment is essential to for creating a delicious final product. Here are some general steps you should follow when preparing to ferment food:</p>\n<ol class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Wash all containers, utensils, and weights that you’re going to use in a dishwasher or by hand with hot, soapy water just before use.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Sanitize or sterilize equipment and containers, as called for in the recipe you&#8217;re following.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Rinse items in cool, clean water. (Sterilized items don’t need rinsing.)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Air dry items or dry them with paper towels; use a fresh paper towel for each item.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Store items on clean paper towels on clean countertops or tables until you use them.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Remove pets and small children from the room before you begin to work.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Before beginning to work with food, tie back your hair if it’s long, and scrub your hands, including under your fingernails.</p>\n</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Don’t use dishcloths or rags to dry the cleaned items. Cloth is notorious for holding huge quantities of harmful microbes, and you spread those from item to item as you wipe them. Instead, use a clean paper towel for each item if you need to dry them. Aprons made of cloth also spread bacteria, especially if you wipe your hands on them, so keep paper towels close by for wiping your hands.</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-05T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":207800},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:51:37+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-05T21:30:27+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-06T00:01:10+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Food & Drink","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33839"},"slug":"food-drink","categoryId":33839},{"name":"Recipes","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33859"},"slug":"recipes","categoryId":33859},{"name":"Pressure Cookers","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33877"},"slug":"pressure-cookers","categoryId":33877}],"title":"Pressure Cookers For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"pressure cookers for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"pressure-cookers-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Learn about cooking with a pressure cooker, including temperature-pressure ratios, cooking times, and tips for great results.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"You can cook virtually anything in a pressure cooker — from meats and main courses to rice, potatoes, and vegetables of every description, to dessert. Better yet, pressure cooking allows you to prepare foods up to 70 percent faster, on average, than conventional cooking methods do, which means you save energy in addition to your precious time.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_288385\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-288385 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/Pressure-cooker.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"630\" height=\"441\" /> © Nickolas Nikolic / Unsplash.com[/caption]","description":"You can cook virtually anything in a pressure cooker — from meats and main courses to rice, potatoes, and vegetables of every description, to dessert. Better yet, pressure cooking allows you to prepare foods up to 70 percent faster, on average, than conventional cooking methods do, which means you save energy in addition to your precious time.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_288385\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"630\"]<img class=\"wp-image-288385 size-full\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/Pressure-cooker.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"630\" height=\"441\" /> © Nickolas Nikolic / Unsplash.com[/caption]","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9366,"name":"Tom Lacalamita","slug":"tom-lacalamita","description":"Tom Lacalamita is a best-selling author of eight appliance-related cookbooks. Nominated for a James Beard cookbook award, Lacalamita is a national authority on housewares and has appeared on hundreds of television and radio shows across the country, including Good Morning America, CNBC, and NPR.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9366"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33877,"title":"Pressure Cookers","slug":"pressure-cookers","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33877"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":173937,"title":"Tips for Successful Pressure Cooking","slug":"tips-for-successful-pressure-cooking","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","pressure-cookers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/173937"}},{"articleId":173911,"title":"Tips for Pressure Cooking Meat and Poultry","slug":"tips-for-pressure-cooking-meat-and-poultry","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","pressure-cookers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/173911"}},{"articleId":173900,"title":"Temperature-Pressure Ratios for Pressure Cooking","slug":"temperature-pressure-ratios-for-pressure-cooking","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","pressure-cookers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/173900"}},{"articleId":173895,"title":"Suggested Pressure-Cooker Cooking Times","slug":"suggested-pressure-cooker-cooking-times","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","pressure-cookers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/173895"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":201427,"title":"How Long to Cook Foods in a Pressure Cooker","slug":"how-long-to-cook-foods-in-a-pressure-cooker","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","pressure-cookers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201427"}},{"articleId":201197,"title":"Cooking Beans in Your Pressure Cooker","slug":"cooking-beans-in-your-pressure-cooker","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","pressure-cookers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/201197"}},{"articleId":200749,"title":"Chicken Cacciatore","slug":"chicken-cacciatore","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","pressure-cookers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200749"}},{"articleId":200368,"title":"Pressure Cooker Minestrone Soup","slug":"pressure-cooker-minestrone-soup","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","pressure-cookers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200368"}},{"articleId":200299,"title":"Key Lime Cheesecake","slug":"key-lime-cheesecake","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","pressure-cookers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200299"}}]},"relatedBook":{"bookId":282504,"slug":"pressure-cookers-for-dummies-2nd-edition","isbn":"9781118356456","isbn10":"1118356454","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","pressure-cookers"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1118356454/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1118356454/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1118356454-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1118356454/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1118356454/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/pressure-cookers-for-dummies-2nd-edition-cover-9781118356456-202x255.jpg","width":202,"height":255},"title":"Pressure Cookers For Dummies, 2nd Edition","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"\n <p>Nominated for a James Beard cookbook award, Tom Lacalamita is a national authority on housewares and has appeared on hundreds of television and radio shows across the country, including <i>Good Morning America</i>, CNBC, and NPR. Tom is also a spokesperson for various food and housewares manufacturers.</p> ","authors":[{"authorId":9366,"name":"Tom Lacalamita","slug":"tom-lacalamita","description":"Tom Lacalamita is a best-selling author of eight appliance-related cookbooks. Nominated for a James Beard cookbook award, Lacalamita is a national authority on housewares and has appeared on hundreds of television and radio shows across the country, including Good Morning America, CNBC, and NPR.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9366"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;recipes&quot;,&quot;pressure-cookers&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118356456&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624cd846e4612\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;recipes&quot;,&quot;pressure-cookers&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9781118356456&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624cd846e4b4e\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":173937,"title":"Tips for Successful Pressure Cooking","slug":"tips-for-successful-pressure-cooking","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","pressure-cookers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/173937"}},{"articleId":173900,"title":"Temperature-Pressure Ratios for Pressure Cooking","slug":"temperature-pressure-ratios-for-pressure-cooking","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","pressure-cookers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/173900"}},{"articleId":173895,"title":"Suggested Pressure-Cooker Cooking Times","slug":"suggested-pressure-cooker-cooking-times","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","pressure-cookers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/173895"}},{"articleId":173911,"title":"Tips for Pressure Cooking Meat and Poultry","slug":"tips-for-pressure-cooking-meat-and-poultry","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","recipes","pressure-cookers"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/173911"}}],"content":[{"title":"Tips for successful pressure cooking","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Pressure cookers can save you time and money, helping you prepare delicious meals that retain nutritional values often lost in other cooking methods. Pressure cooking does require some adjustments, however. Follow these tips for the best pressure-cooking results:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Brown meats, poultry, and even some vegetables — like chopped onions, peppers, or carrots — first and then deglaze the pot for more intense flavor. </b>In a stove-top pressure cooker, simply add a small amount of oil, such as olive or canola oil, to the pressure cooker and heat, uncovered, over medium-high heat. Add the food in small batches and brown the food on all sides. Remove the food to a bowl and set aside. You’re now going to loosen up and remove those delicious, cooked-on juices and tiny food particles left behind by deglazing the pot with a small amount of wine, broth, or even water. Return the cooked food previously removed from the pot along with the remaining ingredients and cook under pressure. For an electric cooker, follow the same steps just described, selecting the Brown setting.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Don’t overdo the liquid.</b> Because food cooks in a closed, sealed pot when cooking under pressure, you have less evaporation and should therefore use less cooking liquid than when cooking in a conventional pot. Regardless of what you’re cooking, however, always use enough liquid. A good rule of thumb is at least 1 cup of liquid; however, check the owner’s manual or recipe booklet to see exactly what the pressure-cooker manufacturer recommends. Never fill the pot more than halfway with liquid.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Don’t fill any pressure cooker with too much food.</b> Never fill a pressure cooker more than two-thirds full with food. Also, never pack food tightly into a pressure cooker. If you don’t follow these basic rules for cooking under pressure, the pressure cooker won’t operate efficiently, affecting how the food comes out. You may also cause the safety valves to activate, especially if there’s too much food in the pot.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Remember that even pieces mean evenly cooked food.</b> Food should be cut into uniform-sized pieces so that they cook in the same amount of time.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Use stop-and-go cooking for perfect results.</b> When making a recipe that contains ingredients that cook at different times, begin by partially cooking slow-to-cook foods, such as meat, first. Then use a quick-release method to stop the pressure cooker. Next, add the faster-cooking ingredients — such as green beans or peas — to the meat. Bring the pot back up to pressure again and finish everything up together at the same time.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Start off high and finish up low.</b> When cooking in a stove-top pressure cooker, start cooking over high heat. After you reach pressure, lower the burner to a simmer. No need to worry about adjusting the heat when cooking in an electric pressure cooker. The appliance does it for you automatically.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Play burner hopscotch to avoid burning when cooking in a stovetop pressure cooker.</b> When you reach pressure over high heat, you lower the burner to a simmer. Gas burners react quickly, but most electric burners don’t. If you have an electric stove, use two burners: one on high heat to reach pressure and a second set on a low setting to maintain pressure. Switch the pressure cooker over to the burner with the low setting when you reach pressure.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Set a timer.</b> Have a kitchen timer handy so that after the pressure cooker reaches and maintains pressure, you can set it for the cooking time specified in the recipe. Note that electric pressure cookers have their own digital timers built in.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Use an electric pressure cooker if you want to do pressure cooking the super-easy way.</b> Choose the desired pressure level by pressing either the high or low pressure button on the control panel. Then, set the desired time you want to cook under pressure by pressing the high or low button for increasing or decreasing cook time. Now, press Start. The pressure cooker starts the countdown time when the level of pressure you chose is reached. It then beeps when done, telling you your food is ready.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Bear in mind that high altitude means longer cooking times.</b> You may have to increase the cooking times if you live at an elevation of 3,000 feet above sea level or higher. A good general rule is to increase the cooking time by 5 percent for every 1,000 feet you are above the first 2,000 feet above sea level.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Release that pressure.</b> When the food is done cooking under pressure, use an appropriate pressure-release method, according to the recipe you’re making.</p>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Be sure never to attempt a cold-water release with your electric pressure cooker — unless you want to shorten its lifespan or your own! Never submerge the appliance in water and always be sure to unplug it before cleaning.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Temperature-pressure ratios for pressure cooking","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Pressure cooking is just what the name says — cooking foods under pressure. You cook foods at a lower temperature, but under much higher pressure than in conventional cooking. The following table translates the pressure setting on your pressure cooker to temperatures and pressure levels:</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Pressure Setting</th>\n<th>Cooking Temperature</th>\n<th>Pressure Level in Pounds per Square Inch (psi)</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>High pressure</td>\n<td>250 degrees</td>\n<td>13–15 psi</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Medium pressure</td>\n<td>235 degrees</td>\n<td>10 psi</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Low pressure</td>\n<td>220 degrees</td>\n<td>3 psi</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Suggested pressure-cooker cooking times","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>The suggested cooking times in the following list begin when the pressure cooker reaches high pressure. Always bring the pressure cooker up to high pressure over high heat, then lower the heat to stabilize the pressure depending on the type of stove-top pressure cooker you’re using. Your electric pressure cooker will automatically do this for you.</p>\n<p>Always start with the shortest cooking time; you can always continue cooking under pressure for an additional couple of minutes until the desired texture is reached.</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Food</th>\n<th>Cooking Time (in Minutes)</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Apples, chunks</td>\n<td>2</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Artichokes, whole</td>\n<td>8 to 10</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Asparagus, whole</td>\n<td>1 to 2</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Barley, pearl</td>\n<td>15 to 20</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https://dummies-wp-content.dummies.com/food-drink/cooking/pressure-cooker/cooking-beans-in-your-pressure-cooker/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beans</a>, fresh green or wax, whole or pieces</td>\n<td>2 to 3</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Beans, lima, shelled</td>\n<td>2 to 3</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Beets, ¼-inch slices</td>\n<td>3 to 4</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Beets, whole, peeled</td>\n<td>12 to 14</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Broccoli, florets or spears</td>\n<td>2 to 3</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Brussels sprouts, whole</td>\n<td>3 to 4</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cabbage, red or green, quartered</td>\n<td>3 to 4</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Carrots, ¼-inch slices</td>\n<td>1 to 2</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cauliflower, florets</td>\n<td>2 to 3</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Chicken, pieces</td>\n<td>10 to 12</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Chicken, whole</td>\n<td>15 to 20</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Corn on the cob</td>\n<td>3 to 4</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Meat (beef, pork, or lamb), roast</td>\n<td>40 to 60</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Meat (beef, pork, or lamb),1-inch cubes</td>\n<td>15 to 20</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Peas, shelled</td>\n<td>1 to 1½</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Potatoes, pieces or sliced</td>\n<td>5 to 7</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Potatoes, whole, medium</td>\n<td>10 to 12</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Potatoes, whole, small or new</td>\n<td>5 to 7</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Quinoa</td>\n<td>7</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rice, brown</td>\n<td>15 to 20</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rice, white</td>\n<td>5 to 7</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Spinach, fresh,</td>\n<td>2 to 3</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Squash, fall, 1-inch chunks</td>\n<td>4 to 6</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Squash, summer, sliced</td>\n<td>1 to 2</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Stock</td>\n<td>30</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sweet potatoes, 1½-inch chunks</td>\n<td>4 to 5</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Turnips, sliced</td>\n<td>2 to 3</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"Tips for pressure cooking meat and poultry","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Because many cuts of meat generally take so long to cook using conventional cooking methods, you’ll be surprised and pleased how quickly they cook up in the pressure cooker. Follow these tips, and your pressure-cooked meats and poultry will turn out tasty every time:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Always pat meat and poultry dry before seasoning with salt and freshly ground black pepper.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Sear and brown in hot oil for the best flavor and texture, unless otherwise indicated in the recipe.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Poultry can be prepared with or without the skin.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Tougher, less-expensive cuts of meat are better suited for the pressure cooker because cooking under pressure breaks the fibers down for fork-tender results.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Always let cooked roasts and whole poultry sit for 10 to 15 minutes before carving.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\">Most roasts should be sliced against the grain.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2021-09-15T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":208242},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:55:31+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-05T18:42:05+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-06T00:01:10+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Food & Drink","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33839"},"slug":"food-drink","categoryId":33839},{"name":"Holiday Meals & Entertaining","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33851"},"slug":"holiday-meals-entertaining","categoryId":33851},{"name":"Parties & Celebrations","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33855"},"slug":"parties-celebrations","categoryId":33855}],"title":"Cooking For Crowds For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"cooking for crowds for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"cooking-for-crowds-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"You've committed to having a large group over for a meal — but now what? Learn how to plan quantities and stay on budget.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"You've committed to having a large group of friends and family over for a meal — but now what? The hardest part about cooking for a crowd is figuring out how much to cook. The quantity you make depends on how many people you're serving, of course, and whether appetizers are pre-meal goodies or the main attraction. Fortunately, experienced, crowd-pleasing cooks have figured out the quantity thing and are willing to share it with you.","description":"You've committed to having a large group of friends and family over for a meal — but now what? The hardest part about cooking for a crowd is figuring out how much to cook. The quantity you make depends on how many people you're serving, of course, and whether appetizers are pre-meal goodies or the main attraction. Fortunately, experienced, crowd-pleasing cooks have figured out the quantity thing and are willing to share it with you.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":9854,"name":"Dawn Simmons","slug":"dawn-simmons","description":"Dawn Simmons is a professional caterer and teaches online catering courses.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9854"}},{"authorId":9855,"name":"Curt Simmons","slug":"curt-simmons","description":"Curt Simmons is a preacher, photographer, teacher, and author of nearly 100 books, many focused on technology.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9855"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33855,"title":"Parties & Celebrations","slug":"parties-celebrations","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33855"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33849,"title":"General (Cooking & Baking)","slug":"general-cooking-baking","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33849"}},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[{"articleId":200940,"title":"Peanut Butter and Chocolate Cheesecake Bites","slug":"peanut-butter-and-chocolate-cheesecake-bites","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","holiday-meals-entertaining","parties-celebrations"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200940"}},{"articleId":198740,"title":"Simple Side Dish: Scalloped Potatoes for a Crowd","slug":"simple-side-dish-scalloped-potatoes-for-a-crowd","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","holiday-meals-entertaining","parties-celebrations"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198740"}},{"articleId":195128,"title":"How Much to Cook Up to Serve for Thanksgiving Dinner","slug":"how-much-to-cook-up-to-serve-for-thanksgiving-dinner","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","holiday-meals-entertaining","parties-celebrations"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195128"}},{"articleId":195130,"title":"Planning Thanksgiving Dinner on a Budget","slug":"planning-thanksgiving-dinner-on-a-budget","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","holiday-meals-entertaining","parties-celebrations"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195130"}},{"articleId":195120,"title":"Foods You Can Prepare before Thanksgiving","slug":"foods-you-can-prepare-before-thanksgiving","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","holiday-meals-entertaining","parties-celebrations"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195120"}}],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209316,"title":"Cake Decorating For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"cake-decorating-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","holiday-meals-entertaining","parties-celebrations"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209316"}},{"articleId":200940,"title":"Peanut Butter and Chocolate Cheesecake Bites","slug":"peanut-butter-and-chocolate-cheesecake-bites","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","holiday-meals-entertaining","parties-celebrations"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/200940"}},{"articleId":198740,"title":"Simple Side Dish: Scalloped Potatoes for a Crowd","slug":"simple-side-dish-scalloped-potatoes-for-a-crowd","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","holiday-meals-entertaining","parties-celebrations"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/198740"}},{"articleId":197119,"title":"Entertaining on a Shoestring Budget","slug":"entertaining-on-a-shoestring-budget","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","holiday-meals-entertaining","parties-celebrations"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/197119"}},{"articleId":195128,"title":"How Much to Cook Up to Serve for Thanksgiving Dinner","slug":"how-much-to-cook-up-to-serve-for-thanksgiving-dinner","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","holiday-meals-entertaining","parties-celebrations"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/195128"}}]},"relatedBook":{"bookId":282111,"slug":"cooking-for-crowds-for-dummies","isbn":"9780764584695","isbn10":"0764584693","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","food-drink","holiday-meals-entertaining","parties-celebrations"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0764584693/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/0764584693/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/0764584693-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0764584693/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/0764584693/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/cooking-for-crowds-for-dummies-cover-9780764584695-201x255.jpg","width":201,"height":255},"title":"Cooking For Crowds For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":"\n <b data-author-id=\"9854\">Dawn Simmons</b> is a professional caterer and teaches online catering courses. <p><b data-author-id=\"9855\">Curt Simmons</b> is the author of more than 50 books, including <i>iPhoto For Dummies</i>.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":9854,"name":"Dawn Simmons","slug":"dawn-simmons","description":"Dawn Simmons is a professional caterer and teaches online catering courses.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9854"}},{"authorId":9855,"name":"Curt Simmons","slug":"curt-simmons","description":"Curt Simmons is a preacher, photographer, teacher, and author of nearly 100 books, many focused on technology.","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9855"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;holiday-meals-entertaining&quot;,&quot;parties-celebrations&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780764584695&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624cd8466fda9\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;food-drink&quot;,&quot;holiday-meals-entertaining&quot;,&quot;parties-celebrations&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;9780764584695&quot;]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624cd846702ee\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":0,"title":"","slug":null,"categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/"}}],"content":[{"title":"How much to cook when you cook for a crowd","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>When you&#8217;re cooking for a crowd, knowing how much to cook is your biggest concern. The following tables help you determine how much food you need to prepare — everything from appetizers through desserts — for your big gatherings:</p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<caption>Appetizers</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Type of Appetizer</th>\n<th width=\"100\">Number of Different Appetizer Types</th>\n<th>Per Person</th>\n<th>Crowd of 25</th>\n<th>Crowd of 50</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Appetizers preceding a full meal</td>\n<td>At least 4</td>\n<td>6 to 8 pieces</td>\n<td>150 to 200 total appetizers</td>\n<td>300 to 400 total appetizers</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Appetizers without a meal</td>\n<td>At least 6</td>\n<td>12 to 15 pieces</td>\n<td>300 to 375 total appetizers</td>\n<td>600 to 750 total appetizers</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<caption>Drinks</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Type of Drink</th>\n<th>Per Person</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Soft drinks</td>\n<td>1 to 2 eight-ounce servings per hour</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Punch</td>\n<td>1 to 2 four-ounce servings per hour</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tea</td>\n<td>1 to 2 eight-ounce servings per hour</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Coffee</td>\n<td>1 to 2 four-ounce servings per hour</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<caption>Soups and Stews</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Soup or Stew</th>\n<th>Per Person</th>\n<th>Crowd of 25</th>\n<th>Crowd of 50</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Served as a first course</td>\n<td>1 cup</td>\n<td>5 quarts</td>\n<td>2 1/2 gallons</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Served as an entree</td>\n<td>1 1/2 to 2 cups</td>\n<td>2 to 2 1/2 gallons</td>\n<td>4 gallons</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<caption>Main Courses</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th width=\"200\">Entree</th>\n<th>Per Person</th>\n<th>Crowd of 25</th>\n<th>Crowd of 50</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Baby-back ribs, pork spareribs, beef short ribs</td>\n<td>1 pound</td>\n<td>25 pounds</td>\n<td>50 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Casserole</td>\n<td>N/A</td>\n<td>2 to 3 13-x-9-inch casseroles</td>\n<td>4 to 5 13-x-9-inch casseroles</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Chicken, turkey, or duck (boneless)</td>\n<td>1/2 pound</td>\n<td>13 pounds</td>\n<td>25 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Chicken or turkey (with bones)</td>\n<td>3/4 to 1 pound</td>\n<td>19 pounds</td>\n<td>38 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Chili, stew, stroganoff, and other chopped meats</td>\n<td>5 to 6 ounces</td>\n<td>8 pounds</td>\n<td>15 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ground beef</td>\n<td>1/2 pound</td>\n<td>13 pounds</td>\n<td>25 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Maine lobster (about 2 pounds each)</td>\n<td>1</td>\n<td>25</td>\n<td>50</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Oysters, clams, and mussels (medium to large)</td>\n<td>6 to 10 pieces</td>\n<td>100 to 160 pieces</td>\n<td>200 to 260 pieces</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pasta</td>\n<td>4 to 5 ounces</td>\n<td>7 pounds</td>\n<td>16 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pork</td>\n<td>14 ounces</td>\n<td>22 pounds</td>\n<td>44 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Roast (with bone)</td>\n<td>14 to 16 ounces</td>\n<td>22 to 25 pounds</td>\n<td>47 to 50 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Roast cuts (boneless)</td>\n<td>1/2 pound</td>\n<td>13 pounds</td>\n<td>25 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Shrimp (large — 16 to 20 per pound)</td>\n<td>5 to 7 shrimp</td>\n<td>7 pounds</td>\n<td>14 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Steak cuts (T-bone, porterhouse, rib-eye)</td>\n<td>16 to 24 ounces</td>\n<td>16 to 24 ounces per person</td>\n<td>16 to 24 ounces per person</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Turkey (whole)</td>\n<td>1 pound</td>\n<td>25 pounds</td>\n<td>50 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<caption>Side Dishes</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th width=\"200\">Side Dish</th>\n<th>Per Person</th>\n<th>Crowd of 25</th>\n<th>Crowd of 50</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Asparagus, carrots, cauliflower, broccoli, green beans, corn<br />\nkernels, peas, black-eyed peas, and so on</td>\n<td>3 to 4 ounces</td>\n<td>4 pounds</td>\n<td>8 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Corn on the cob (broken in halves when serving<br />\nbuffet-style)</td>\n<td>1 ear</td>\n<td>20 ears</td>\n<td>45 ears</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pasta (cooked)</td>\n<td>2 to 3 ounces</td>\n<td>3 1/2 pounds</td>\n<td>7 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Potatoes and yams</td>\n<td>1 (medium)</td>\n<td>6 pounds</td>\n<td>12 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rice and grains (cooked)</td>\n<td>1 1/2 ounces</td>\n<td>2 1/2 pounds</td>\n<td>5 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<caption>Desserts</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Dessert</th>\n<th>Per Person</th>\n<th>Crowd of 25</th>\n<th>Crowd of 50</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Brownies or bars</td>\n<td>1 to 2 per person</td>\n<td>2 1/2 to 3 dozen</td>\n<td>5 1/2 to 6 dozen</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cheesecake</td>\n<td>2-inch wedge</td>\n<td>2 9-inch cheesecakes</td>\n<td>4 9-inch cheesecakes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cobbler</td>\n<td>1 cup</td>\n<td>2 9-x-9-x-2-inch pans</td>\n<td>4 9-x-9-x-2-inch pans</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cookies</td>\n<td>2 to 3</td>\n<td>3 to 4 dozen</td>\n<td>6 to 8 dozen</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ice cream or sorbet</td>\n<td>8 ounces</td>\n<td>1 gallon</td>\n<td>2 gallons</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Layered cake or angel food cake</td>\n<td>1 slice</td>\n<td>2 8-inch cakes</td>\n<td>4 8-inch cakes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pie</td>\n<td>3-inch wedge</td>\n<td>2 to 3 9-inch pies</td>\n<td>4 to 5 9-inch pies</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pudding, trifles, and the like</td>\n<td>1 cup</td>\n<td>1 gallon</td>\n<td>2 gallons</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sheet cake</td>\n<td>2-x-2-inch piece</td>\n<td>1/4 sheet cake</td>\n<td>1/2 sheet cake</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"How much to cook up to serve for Thanksgiving dinner","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p class=\"ReviewDate\">Nothing is worse than cooking Thanksgiving dinner and running out of food. It is important to err on the side of excess while sticking to your budget.</p>\n<p class=\"Remember\">There is no exact formula for cooking for a crowd, so you have to consider your crowd. Do they really enjoy eating? Will many children be present? Are most people in your crowd weight conscious? All these questions and similar ones impact how much food you prepare.</p>\n<h2>Quantity planning for holiday appetizers</h2>\n<p>Appetizers and drinks don’t have to be a pain in the neck, but planning them tends to be confusing. Because appetizers don’t lend themselves to a quantity chart per se, you can let the following list guide you:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>For appetizers preceding a full meal: </b>Offer at least four different types of appetizers and six to eight pieces per person. For example, say you have 20 guests. In that case, you’d need at least 120 total appetizer pieces.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>The more variety you have, the smaller portion size each type of appetizer will need to have:</b> Therefore, you don’t need to make as much of any one particular appetizer.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>When you serve appetizers to a crowd, always include bulk-type appetizers:</b> Bulk-type foods are items that aren’t individually made, such as dips or spreads. If you forgo the dips and spreads, you’ll end up making hundreds of individual appetizer items, which may push you over the edge. To calculate bulk items, assume 1 ounce equals 1 piece.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Always try to have extra items: </b>Black and green olives and are great for extra filler<b>.</b></p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Quantity planning for holiday drinks</h2>\n<p>The following list give you some general beverage-serving guidelines for entertaining:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Soft drinks:</b> One to two 8-ounce servings per person per hour.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Punch:</b> One to two 4-ounce servings per person per hour.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Tea:</b> One to two 8-ounce servings per person per hour.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Coffee:</b> One to two 4-ounce servings per person per hour.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Water:</b> Always provide it. Two standard serving pitchers are usually enough.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Quantity planning for soups, sides, main courses, and desserts</h2>\n<p>The following tables can help you determine how much food you need for some typical soups, sides, main courses, and desserts. If the item you’re serving isn’t listed here, you can probably find an item in the same food group to guide you.</p>\n<p class=\"Tip\">Buffet-style affairs typically figure at a lower serving per person, because buffets typically feature more side dish items than a plated meal does.</p>\n<p>Don’t use the quantity tables as an exact science; use them to guide you and help you make decisions for your particular crowd. If you’re serving a dish that you know everyone loves, make more than the table suggests. If you have a dish that isn’t as popular, you can get by with less.</p>\n<table>\n<caption>Soups and Stews</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Soup or Stew</th>\n<th>Per Person</th>\n<th>Crowd of 25</th>\n<th>Crowd of 50</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Served as a first course</td>\n<td>1 cup</td>\n<td>5 quarts</td>\n<td>2 1/2 gallons</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Served as an entree</td>\n<td>1 1/2 to 2 cups</td>\n<td>2 to 2 1/2 gallons</td>\n<td>4 gallons</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table>\n<caption>Main Courses</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Entree</th>\n<th>Per Person</th>\n<th>Crowd of 25</th>\n<th>Crowd of 50</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Chicken, turkey, or duck (boneless)</td>\n<td>1/2 pound</td>\n<td>13 pounds</td>\n<td>25 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Chicken or turkey (with bones)</td>\n<td>3/4 to 1 pound</td>\n<td>19 pounds</td>\n<td>38 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Turkey (whole)</td>\n<td>1 pound</td>\n<td>25 pounds</td>\n<td>50 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table>\n<caption>Side Dishes</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Side Dish</th>\n<th>Per Person</th>\n<th>Crowd of 25</th>\n<th>Crowd of 50</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Asparagus, carrots, cauliflower, broccoli, green beans, corn<br />\nkernels, peas, black-eyed peas, and so on</td>\n<td>3 to 4 ounces</td>\n<td>4 pounds</td>\n<td>8 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Corn on the cob (broken in halves when serving<br />\nbuffet-style)</td>\n<td>1 ear</td>\n<td>20 ears</td>\n<td>45 ears</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pasta (cooked)</td>\n<td>2 to 3 ounces</td>\n<td>3 1/2 pounds</td>\n<td>7 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Potatoes and yams</td>\n<td>1 (medium)</td>\n<td>6 pounds</td>\n<td>12 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rice and grains (cooked)</td>\n<td>1 1/2 ounces</td>\n<td>2 1/2 pounds</td>\n<td>5 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table>\n<caption>Side Salads</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Ingredient</th>\n<th>Per Person</th>\n<th>Crowd of 25</th>\n<th>Crowd of 50</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Croutons (medium size)</td>\n<td>N/A</td>\n<td>2 cups</td>\n<td>4 cups</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dressing (served on the side)</td>\n<td>N/A</td>\n<td>4 cups</td>\n<td>8 cups</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fruit salad</td>\n<td>N/A</td>\n<td>3 quarts</td>\n<td>6 quarts</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lettuce (iceberg or romaine)</td>\n<td>N/A</td>\n<td>4 heads</td>\n<td>8 heads</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lettuce (butter or red leaf)</td>\n<td>N/A</td>\n<td>6 heads</td>\n<td>12 heads</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Potato or macaroni salad</td>\n<td>N/A</td>\n<td>8 pounds</td>\n<td>16 pounds</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Shredded cabbage for coleslaw</td>\n<td>N/A</td>\n<td>6 to 8 cups (about 1 large head of cabbage)</td>\n<td>12 to 16 cups (about 2 large heads of cabbage)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vegetables (such as tomato and cucumber)</td>\n<td>N/A</td>\n<td>3 cups</td>\n<td>6 cups</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table>\n<caption>Breads</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Bread</th>\n<th>Per Person</th>\n<th>Crowd of 25</th>\n<th>Crowd of 50</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Croissants or muffins</td>\n<td>1 1/2 per person</td>\n<td>3 1/2 dozen</td>\n<td>7 dozen</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dinner rolls</td>\n<td>1 1/2 per person</td>\n<td>3 1/2 dozen</td>\n<td>7 dozen</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>French or Italian bread</td>\n<td>N/A</td>\n<td>2 18-inch loaves</td>\n<td>4 18-inch loaves</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table>\n<caption>Desserts</caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Dessert</th>\n<th>Per Person</th>\n<th>Crowd of 25</th>\n<th>Crowd of 50</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Brownies or bars</td>\n<td>1 to 2 per person</td>\n<td>2 1/2 to 3 dozen</td>\n<td>5 1/2 to 6 dozen</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cheesecake</td>\n<td>2-inch wedge</td>\n<td>2 9-inch cheesecakes</td>\n<td>4 9-inch cheesecakes</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pie</td>\n<td>3-inch wedge</td>\n<td>2 to 3 9-inch pies</td>\n<td>4 to 5 9-inch pies</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n"},{"title":"How to plan Christmas dinner with a budget","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Naturally, cooking Christmas dinner for a crowd can be expensive, so it’s important to plan with a budget in mind. begin with a firm look at your budget. If you’re the one making Christmas dinner for the crowd, ask yourself the following questions:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>How much can you spend?</b> You may be thinking goose or duck, when your budget calls for turkey.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>What are the age group and gender of the guests you’ll be cooking for?</b> Teenagers, both girls and boys, can eat, eat, and eat some more. However, tots aren’t going to eat as much.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>What items can you borrow?</b> Borrowing items can save you a lot of money. For example, if you’re hosting an upscale buffet served on china, you’ll certainly save money if you can borrow the dishes rather than rent them.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>What are you responsible for cooking?</b> Are you cooking the appetizers, dessert, and everything in between? Or are you cooking only the main course?</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>What can you borrow?</b> You may need extra plates, tables, chairs, glasses, cooking tools, and such items. Borrow them. Don’t waste your budget on items that you’ll rarely use and can borrow from friends and family. Nothing is wrong with getting some help and borrowing things you need instead of buying them.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p class=\"Remember\">Planning a budget doesn’t have an exact formula, because a number of factors come into play. Remember that your budget should be a relatively firm guideline for how much money you spend — not necessarily 100 percent set in stone. The idea is to come up with a budget that helps you have a great event without maxing out your credit cards.</p>\n<p>Keep these issues in mind:</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Before you start planning anything, think about your bottom line.</b> Don’t start with what you’d ideally prefer and then see what happens with your budget — you won’t like the results. Rather, start with a reasonable budget and work backwards.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Plan the event according to your budget, not the other way around.</b> If you’re cooking Christmas dinner for a crowd of 20 and you want something really elegant, but your budget won’t allow you to prepare everything you want. Instead of overspending, find ways to compromise. You may spend more on the entree and try to find a few less expensive side dishes and appetizers to make up the difference.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Remember, you can cook great food without breaking the bank, so think about how you can find a win-win resolution with what you want and what your budget will allow.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Watch out for &#8220;budget creep.&#8221; </b>As you plan, think about everything you need to buy so that your needs and budget are accurate. When you&#8217;re shopping, it&#8217;s easy to think &#8220;Oh, those colored paper plates are so much prettier than plain white!&#8221; or &#8220;Maybe I should get another bottle of wine, just in case.&#8221; Be strong — stick to your budget!</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Be reasonable and flexible. </b>You may try to tackle the world with the best crowd meal ever, but be reasonable about what you can spend and what you can prepare.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Solve","lifeExpectancy":"Two years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-05T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":208874},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-27T16:52:36+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-04-05T18:11:47+00:00","timestamp":"2022-04-06T00:01:10+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Home, Auto, & Hobbies","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809"},"slug":"home-auto-hobbies","categoryId":33809},{"name":"Sports & Recreation","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34001"},"slug":"sports-recreation","categoryId":34001},{"name":"Hockey","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34020"},"slug":"hockey","categoryId":34020}],"title":"Coaching Hockey For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"coaching hockey for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"coaching-hockey-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"This handy Cheat Sheet includes a list of steps and tips for being an excellent hockey coach. It also includes a hockey drills legend.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"As a hockey coach, you’re about to leap off the bench into one of the most rewarding jobs you’ll ever experience. Coaches spend time teaching, leading, motivating, communicating, being a hockey technician, organizing, checking safety factors, administering first aid, and doling out discipline.\r\n\r\nLook to this Cheat Sheet for a helpful checklist of some of your duties as a coach, as well as a drills legend illustrating the most common drills you’ll be using during your coaching sessions.","description":"As a hockey coach, you’re about to leap off the bench into one of the most rewarding jobs you’ll ever experience. Coaches spend time teaching, leading, motivating, communicating, being a hockey technician, organizing, checking safety factors, administering first aid, and doling out discipline.\r\n\r\nLook to this Cheat Sheet for a helpful checklist of some of your duties as a coach, as well as a drills legend illustrating the most common drills you’ll be using during your coaching sessions.","blurb":"","authors":[],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":34020,"title":"Hockey","slug":"hockey","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34020"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":209363,"title":"Hockey For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"hockey-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","hockey"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209363"}}]},"relatedBook":{"bookId":0,"slug":null,"isbn":null,"isbn10":null,"categoryList":null,"amazon":null,"image":null,"title":null,"testBankPinActivationLink":null,"bookOutOfPrint":false,"authorsInfo":null,"authors":null,"_links":null},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;sports-recreation&quot;,&quot;hockey&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624cd846248c7\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;cat&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[&quot;home-auto-hobbies&quot;,&quot;sports-recreation&quot;,&quot;hockey&quot;]},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;isbn&quot;,&quot;values&quot;:[null]}]\" id=\"du-slot-624cd8462521f\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":180310,"title":"Hockey Coach’s Checklist","slug":"hockey-coachs-checklist","categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/180310"}},{"articleId":180403,"title":"Hockey Practice Drills Legend","slug":"hockey-practice-drills-legend","categoryList":["home-auto-hobbies","sports-recreation","fantasy-sports","fantasy-hockey"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/180403"}}],"content":[{"title":"Hockey coach's checklist","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Keep this checklist on your clipboard and review the list before or after hockey practices, meetings, or any encounter with the athletes you coach. All these steps will become second nature in time, and then you’ll be a great coach.</p>\n<ul class=\"level-one\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Set your goals.</b> Spend time before the season starts to consider your hopes, expectations, and priorities for yourself and your team. Write them down.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Be prepared.</b> Use your goals to plan your overall season including what you want to accomplish monthly, weekly, and daily in practices and games.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Carry a positive attitude.</b> Every day, bring an upbeat attitude to the team and to each player you deal with on the team.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Dispense positive reinforcement.</b> Catch players doing things right. When you do, you reinforce the behavior and performance you want.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Provide motivation.</b> Motivation comes from within the individual players, not from your “Rah! Rah!” speeches. Fun and praise pave the most direct route to motivated players.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Instill pride. </b>You want your players to wear your team jersey with pride every day. Develop a team reputation that they can all feel proud of.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Show confidence.</b> Confidence comes from knowing what you’re doing and that you can do it. Educate yourself; become knowledgeable about the game. Ask questions. Learn.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Cultivate good work habits.</b> Lead by example on this one. Do your homework; come to practices and games prepared. Work tirelessly with the kids and help them discover that a little hard work pays off in spades.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Cultivate positive self images.</b> Help players believe in themselves so that they can feel great about themselves as players and as people.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Provide great practices.</b> Have players moving, participating, succeeding, learning, and laughing.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Balance game coaching.</b> Make games fun and positive at the same time as players learn from their experiences.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Be safety conscious.</b> Be medically informed about those you’re working with. Check equipment and facilities. Know emergency procedures.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Show respect.</b> Everyone you work with deserves to be shown some respect. That includes the players, parents, officials, and your assistants. Respect sets a tone for the team.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Teach and challenge.</b> Start simple. Progress step-by-step. Know where the kids are in their skills so that you can lead them a little further forward and reward them for getting there.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Pay attention.</b> Every kid wants to feel valued in some way. Talk to the kids. Know their names. Find out something unique about them. Point out something they do well, daily.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Set a great example.</b> Lead by example in attitude, enthusiasm, and sportsmanship. Your team, and even most parents, will follow.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Control the parents.</b> Lead. Set rules and consequences. Clearly communicate those rules and consequences. Do not waver from what you set and communicate. But have fun with them as much as possible.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Dispense discipline.</b> Make sure all players know that the team comes first. Anything that disrupts or hurts the team or individual team members is not acceptable. Make sure that they know the consequences of unacceptable behavior and dole it out when necessary, with consistency.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Use your creativity. </b>Be adaptable and creative when things don’t work out as you expected. Design your own drills. Find tricks to help kids learn. Adjust in lousy facilities. You’ll all get more out of the experience.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><b>Have fun.</b> Coaching should be a great experience for you too!</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Hockey practice drills legend","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Effective drills are a very important part of any hockey practice session. They can help beginner players develop their skating, puck-control, and passing and receiving skills.</p>\n<p>To aim for conducting excellent drills, start by having your rink diagram board available in a highly visible location. Be consistent with the location so that players know exactly where to go for their pre-practice or on-ice instruction. These symbols are used to indicate actions to take during the drills.</p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/308006.image0.jpg\" alt=\"image0.jpg\" width=\"221\" height=\"600\" /></p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Explore","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2022-04-05T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":208404}],"_links":{"self":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809/categoryArticles?sortField=time&sortOrder=1&size=10&offset=0"},"next":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809/categoryArticles?sortField=time&sortOrder=1&size=10&offset=10"},"last":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33809/categoryArticles?sortField=time&sortOrder=1&size=10&offset=7001"}}},"objectTitle":"","status":"success","pageType":"article-category","objectId":"33809","page":1,"sortField":"time","sortOrder":1,"categoriesIds":[],"articleTypes":[],"filterData":{"categoriesFilter":[{"itemId":0,"itemName":"All Categories","count":7008},{"itemId":33810,"itemName":"Antiques & Collectibles","count":11},{"itemId":33813,"itemName":"Automotive","count":121},{"itemId":33825,"itemName":"Crafts","count":492},{"itemId":33839,"itemName":"Food & Drink","count":2271},{"itemId":33884,"itemName":"Games","count":385},{"itemId":33916,"itemName":"Garden & Green Living","count":501},{"itemId":33933,"itemName":"Hobby Farming","count":477},{"itemId":33939,"itemName":"Home Improvement & Appliances","count":517},{"itemId":33962,"itemName":"Home Ownership & Renting","count":53},{"itemId":33963,"itemName":"Magic","count":5},{"itemId":33964,"itemName":"Pets","count":587},{"itemId":33992,"itemName":"Photography","count":1098},{"itemId":34001,"itemName":"Sports & Recreation","count":468},{"itemId":34037,"itemName":"Travel","count":22}],"articleTypeFilter":[{"articleType":"All Types","count":7008},{"articleType":"Articles","count":6162},{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","count":273},{"articleType":"Step by Step","count":479},{"articleType":"Videos","count":94}]},"filterDataLoadedStatus":"success","pageSize":10},"adsState":{"pageScripts":{"headers":{"timestamp":"2022-04-08T00:59:09+00:00"},"adsId":0,"data":{"scripts":[{"pages":["all"],"location":"header","script":"<!--Optimizely Script-->\r\n<script src=\"https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/10563184655.js\"></script>","enabled":false},{"pages":["all"],"location":"header","script":"<!-- comScore Tag -->\r\n<script>var _comscore = _comscore || [];_comscore.push({ c1: \"2\", c2: \"15097263\" });(function() {var s = document.createElement(\"script\"), el = document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\")[0]; s.async = true;s.src = (document.location.protocol == \"https:\" ? 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Home, Auto, & Hobbies Articles

What do you need to learn to make everyday life easier and more fun? Maybe it’s meal planning. Or playing bartender at parties. Want to learn to change the oil in your car? Train your cocker spaniel or use your fancy new camera? We’ve got the 411.

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Antiques & Collectibles

Antiques & Collectibles

Automotive

Automotive

Crafts

Crafts

Food & Drink

Food & Drink

Games

Games

Garden & Green Living

Garden & Green Living

Hobby Farming

Hobby Farming

Home Improvement & Appliances

Home Improvement & Appliances

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Home Ownership & Renting

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Photography

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Articles From Home, Auto, & Hobbies

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Auto Racing Get Up to Speed on Formula One Racing

Article / Updated 04-07-2022

Ever since its inaugural season in 1950, Formula One — also known as F1 — has captured the attention of fast car fans across the globe. And for good reason: the prestigious series of races, held internationally on both custom circuit courses and closed public roads, features the fastest open-wheel, single-seat race cars in the world. It’s an engaging sport that draws tens of millions of eyeballs each race — but those new to Formula One may feel as if they need a GPS to navigate it. To celebrate the recent start of the 2022 racing season, here’s a crash course on F1: what it is, how it works, and what you need to know to earn your racing stripes. What is Formula One? “Formula” refers to a set of rules that must be followed by participants and their cars. Prior to Formula One, there were no formal limitations on the power or size of racing cars, leading to unfair (and sometimes fatal) outcomes for the competing drivers. The introduction of F1 rules — sanctioned by the governing body of racing events, Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) — created a more level playing field, placing limits on the size, weight, and power of race cars. Formula Two rules were created shortly after Formula One rules to apply to cars with a smaller engine capacity. You can think of it as Formula One’s younger sibling. Even with these regulations (or, perhaps, because of them), Formula One stands as the epitome of motor racing throughout the world. It’s the most difficult type of racing to master, and the most expensive. It’s also the most international — occurring in more than 20 different countries — and the most dangerous, with speeds regularly reaching or topping 200 mph. In every aspect, Formula One reigns supreme. Another distinction of Formula One racing in the world of sports is its focus. Football and basketball tend to fixate on a superstar player or team (think Tom Brady or the 1995 Chicago Bulls), but there isn’t much innovation happening with the balls, courts, or fields. While Formula One has more than its fair share of celebrity, much attention also lies on the cars and tracks themselves. Teams are constantly improving their technology to shave tenths of seconds off their space-age vehicles' times, and each track has its own eccentricities to keep the race interesting. Not your average racing car Many people think of a racing car simply as a more aerodynamic type of sedan you’d see on the road. But Formula One cars have more in common with a fighter jet than a Ford Taurus. Drivers are often dubbed "pilots," and their masterful vehicles are sometimes referred to as “rockets on wheels.” They’re agile, they contain a central cockpit, and they even boast front and rear wings. The wings help push the car down onto the track, and they’re painstakingly tested in high-pressure wind tunnels. These cars are also incredibly lightweight due to their use of high-tech materials like carbon fiber. Check out these features on the F1 car below. Unique racing tracks and venues In addition to having cars that are in a league of their own, each F1 racing track boasts a completely unique design. Rather than being cookie cutter copies, every track has a different top speed, corners, and layouts. While some venues have been on the schedule for decades (like Silverstone and Monza), new ones pop up all the time. In 2022, Formula One announced that the U.S. will host a night race in 2023 where cars will speed past casinos down the famous Las Vegas Strip. This track will run 3.8 miles and drivers can expect to hit speeds up to 212 mph. Off to the races Each Formula One Grand Prix (its fancy name for a race) takes place over three days. These days are usually scheduled over the weekend — Friday to Sunday. Typically, on Friday and Saturday, the venue hosts practice and qualifying runs, while the main race occurs on Sunday. There isn’t a set amount of laps the cars must complete in F1 races. Instead, the race is finished once the first car has driven 305 kilometers (roughly 189.5 miles) and completes its next full lap. Also, races can’t last for more than two hours, so if drivers reach this time limit, officials will end the race after the next full lap. The only Formula One Grand Prix that is shorter than 305 km occurs in Monaco. This race is 260.5 kilometers (roughly 162 miles) and 78 laps. In the pits Another unique feature of F1 racing is the pit stops. These high-pressure intervals last anywhere from 1.5 to 3 seconds, and when teams are fighting for every last tenth of a second, this means that races can be won or lost "in the pits." Drivers used to make pit stops to refuel, since engines could only hold so much gas, and carrying extra made their cars more sluggish. However, due to recent engine developments, refueling during pit stops has been banned and drivers must start with all the fuel they need for the race. Nowadays, pit stops are mostly about fixes and changing tires. New tires are usually much faster, thus giving a speed advantage to drivers. But that advantage must be weighed against the risk of stopping to change them. Without a good pit crew on their side, drivers (and the race) may be lost. This team of about 20 people is vital to their success. Becoming a Formula One fanatic In its early days, if you weren’t able to see a Formula One Grand Prix in person, you weren’t able to see it at all. But now, hundreds of channels broadcast these races, including Formula One’s own channel, F1 TV. Other options for viewing races include ESPN, Sling TV, Hulu + Live TV, and SkySports F1 on YouTube. To get into the rivalries, scandals, and personalities of Formula One drivers, managers, and team owners, you may want to check out Drive to Survive, a docuseries on Netflix. If podcasts are more your style, Formula One has you covered! Tom Clarkson and Natalie Pinkham discuss every twist and turn on F1 Nation, and Clarkson hosts in-depth interviews with the biggest Formula One personalities in his F1: Beyond the Grid podcast. And finally, if you're lucky enough to be going to an actual F1 race in person, here’s a pro tip: pack some ear plugs! Experts have measured noise levels at around 140 decibels, which is just below a volume that causes permanent hearing loss.

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Shooting Digital Photography Lighting For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-07-2022

Lighting is a very important aspect of digital photography. As a photographer, it’s your job to use that light in the best possible way. The lighting process starts with being able to measure the light and determine the best settings to correctly expose for the available light, using a flash to add some light to a scene when needed, and using light to illuminate or hide areas in your images.

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General (Sustainability) Wind Power For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-07-2022

After you decide that your home is a good candidate for wind power, you need to understand the basic parts of wind-electric systems and how they fit together. In addition, you need to evaluate how much energy your home needs and how much wind your site actually gets — a realistic wind resource assessment is key. You also want to make sure to steer clear of "too good to be true" energy estimates from the pros who want to sell you their goods and services.

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Cats How to Tell Whether Your Cat Is Feline Officer Material

Article / Updated 04-07-2022

While we wish we lived in a world with kitty cops, sadly, this blog is only an April Fool's Day dream from your friendly Dummies.com team. Ever wonder if your cat has the right stuff to make it as a member of the force? Police work requires a certain temperament from its kitty cops that may not be present in all cats. Look for these telltale signs of blue blood in your feline pal. Stealthiness Especially important in detective work, this skill is useful for tailing a suspect, whether or not you’ve got a tail. But if your cat is more gawky than graceful, he may not be a good fit. Try hiding in a pantry or behind an almost-closed door with a tasty treat in hand. Does your cat place her paw precisely around the door frame, or does she claw at the door with an ungodly yowl? Athleticism The trope of the overweight officer with a donut in hand is true of some cops. But most members of the force must undergo rigorous training to stay in the field. Otherwise, how are they supposed to apprehend cat burglars? If your kitty’s gut shows that he’s had one too many salmon snaps, he may be more suited to a cat nap. Moral uprightness If you’ve ever watched police films like L.A. Confidential or Serpico, you’re aware that crooked cops exist. Still, in a perfect world, we’d love to know that the folks hired to keep us safe have our best interests at heart. Let’s be honest — this may be the hardest litmus test for your cat to pass. Ask yourself honestly: If you had a serious accident at home, would your cat call 9-1-1, or would she use the opportune time to jump on the counter and devour your lunch? If you think the latter, unfortunately, your cat is probably not destined for glory.

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Decorating Feng Shui For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-06-2022

An ancient Chinese art, Feng Shui empowers you to improve every aspect of your life, from your health and wealth to your relationships and career. How does Feng Shui work? It enhances your environment according to principles of harmony and energy flow. Whether you’re aware of it or not, your environment — and your relationship with it — are constantly affecting you. Consequently, your best bet for a healthy, happy, and successful life is to make your environment work for you through the practice of Feng Shui.

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Diabetes Recipes Diabetes and Carb Counting For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-05-2022

Diabetes is a condition that is largely self-managed. Successful management hinges on discovering how what you eat affects your blood-glucose levels and your overall health and well-being. Carbohydrate foods are digested into glucose, which is the primary fuel used by your brain and muscles as well as other tissues and organs. You can employ carb counting and portioning tools such as the plate method to assure you get the right amount of carbohydrate to meet your needs. Your food choices impact more than just your blood-glucose levels; your overall diet affects your quality of life and long-term health. You can enjoy eating while optimizing nutrition. Here are some tips for improving selections within all food groups.

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Fermenting Fermenting For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-05-2022

Fermenting foods requires a little bit of planning, research, and preparation before you can begin. Understanding the terms used in fermenting recipes is vitally important. And once you're ready to start fermenting your own food, you must make sure that your tools and equipment are completely clean.

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Pressure Cookers Pressure Cookers For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-05-2022

You can cook virtually anything in a pressure cooker — from meats and main courses to rice, potatoes, and vegetables of every description, to dessert. Better yet, pressure cooking allows you to prepare foods up to 70 percent faster, on average, than conventional cooking methods do, which means you save energy in addition to your precious time.

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Parties & Celebrations Cooking For Crowds For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-05-2022

You've committed to having a large group of friends and family over for a meal — but now what? The hardest part about cooking for a crowd is figuring out how much to cook. The quantity you make depends on how many people you're serving, of course, and whether appetizers are pre-meal goodies or the main attraction. Fortunately, experienced, crowd-pleasing cooks have figured out the quantity thing and are willing to share it with you.

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Hockey Coaching Hockey For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 04-05-2022

As a hockey coach, you’re about to leap off the bench into one of the most rewarding jobs you’ll ever experience. Coaches spend time teaching, leading, motivating, communicating, being a hockey technician, organizing, checking safety factors, administering first aid, and doling out discipline. Look to this Cheat Sheet for a helpful checklist of some of your duties as a coach, as well as a drills legend illustrating the most common drills you’ll be using during your coaching sessions.

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